Guide

Despite the outer shell being brown and pretty hard, cannabis seeds aren’t invincible. In nature, there are different temperatures, humidity, etc., so you need to protect these magic beans. Keep reading to learn how to properly store cannabis seeds for a long time.

Do you know Cannabis Seeds are living things?

We want to emphasize this because most people forget that every plant seed is alive and is in a hibernating phase before germination (you may say so). And every living thing may die, so storing them correctly gives you optimal conditions that are safe for long periods under you sow them.

Refer- How to Check for the Potency of Cannabis Plants?

Key factors to Consider when Storing Cannabis Seeds

When storing cannabis seeds, three main issues may hamper seed germination in every type of cannabis seed, including hybrid, Photoperiod, Autoflowering, and feminized seeds. They are light, humidity, and heat.

Once you master the right way to handle these things, you will be able to extend cannabis seed shelf life.

1. Light Exposure

Cannabis seeds contain genetic components that, when they germinate, develop into stunning plants. What strain it will be and how its traits will manifest are determined by its genetic code. Keep cannabis seeds in cool, dark, and out of direct sunlight when being stored. That does not, however, imply that you keep it in your grow area.  

Buy an airtight, light-proof container because the outer shell does not protect the seed from light. It is why whenever a seed falls in autumn or winter it germinates. Cannabis seeds are the same, they can’t take up intense light levels.

Read- Why Proper Lighting is Crucial for Cannabis?

Is it okay to store cannabis in the fridge?

Ideally, yes! The good thing is you can store cannabis seeds in the freezer in an airtight zip-lock bag. The low temperature usually helps in long shelf life. However, it is not that you have to freeze cannabis seeds, if you store them properly in a cool, dry place, it can stay good for up to 5 years and will not have any bad effect on its germination rate.

2. Humidity Level

Humidity level is an important factor in cannabis seed storage. The best way of seed germination is light moisture and humid conditions. If there are moisture or water drops in the bags, the seed will get a command to germinate. It is like a clock ticking, and you just gave it the right buzz. So, reducing humidity levels and no moisture zone will help keep it intact.

The inside water content of cannabis seed is around 10%. That is why refrigerating cannabis seeds is the easiest way to reduce humidity levels and increase seed viability. Just check that it’s properly sealed, or else water may deteriorate the seed.

Mature seeds with a firm black outer shell should always be stored. If you have ever grown cannabis seeds, you are aware that seeds harvested early are too fresh to germinate, green, and have a weak outer layer.

Furthermore, ripe seeds have a low moisture content, which makes them ideal for storing for several months at room temperature.

Humidity Levels and Effects on Cannabis Seeds

Humidity Level (RH)	Effect on Seeds	Duration
Below 30%	Slowed germination rate	Can significantly delay germination or prevent it altogether
30% – 40%	Ideal for long-term storage	Up to several years
30% – 40%	Optimal for germination	1 – 2 weeks
Above 75%	Increased risk of mold and fungal growth	Can damage seeds within days

3. Temperature Fluctuations

Both ways are good, but the best way is to maintain low temperatures. Preserving cannabis seeds in low temperatures is better as the living plant tissue survives for a long in cool, and steady temperatures. It is why food lasts longer in the fridge.

What is the Best Temperature for Cannabis Seed Storage?

Mostly, growers think that 4 Degrees Celsius is the ideal measure for storing cannabis seeds in a refrigerator, and it is a magic number for seed preservation.

Best Containers to Store Cannabis and Keep It Fresh

Well, there is no such thing as perfect containers for storing cannabis seeds but a tight container safeguards seed integrity and maximizes germination success. Here, are the ideal characteristics of containers for long-term cannabis seed storage:

• Airtight Seal: Get airtight containers. Moisture fluctuation degrades seed health. A good seal prevents moisture by stabilizing the internal environment and minimizing the risk of mold or fungal growth. Glass vials or jars with secure lids are excellent choices.
• Light Protection: Exposure to light can degrade seed quality and negatively impact germination rates. So, get transparent containers with little light-blocking foil and keep seeds in it.
• Desiccant Integration (Optional): While not strictly necessary, incorporating a desiccant packet within the container can further optimize moisture control, particularly in environments prone to high humidity. Silica gel packets are commonly used desiccants; however, their efficacy diminishes over time, and they require periodic replacement to ensure continued effectiveness.

Also Read- Choosing the Right Container for Growing Cannabis: Maximizing Quality and Yield

Where and How to Store Cannabis Seeds at Home?

Storing cannabis seeds is easy. How? Check this:

• For short-term storage: Keep it in a drawer: Maintain it inside a cool and dry drawer or a cupboard. It is good to keep the seeds in their original packaging without opening it if you are storing them for longer.

• Any cool, dark, and dry place: You can store seeds in an airtight bag anywhere there’s consistent temperature and no excessive moisture or humidity.

• For long-term storage: How to store it in the right container? It is recommended to store the seed in silica gel in an airtight container in the fridge. Also, it’s best to store it in a crisper drawer that you don’t open frequently to avoid temperature fluctuations, which can have a significant impact on seed quality. It’s even better if you have a small refrigerator just for storage.  

• Dry Refrigerators: It is recommended to keep cannabis seeds in an airtight container because humidity and moisture are the most destructive for seeds (worse than temperature, oxygen, and light). So, no frost fridge works better for storage purposes.

What is the Shelf life of Cured Cannabis?

The shelf life of a cured cannabis seed is about six months to a year depending upon many variables like humidity, temperature, oxygen, light, and maturity.

Read- How Long Does it Take to Grow Cannabis?

How long can we Store Cannabis Seeds?

Properly dried and stored cannabis seeds can remain viable for several years, with some reports suggesting they could last up to a decade under ideal conditions.

However, seed viability gradually declines over time, and the specific storage duration depends on factors as stated above. 

How Do You Know if Cannabis Has Gone Bad?

The ideal method is to sow the seed and let it germinate. If it’s bad, it won’t germinate, which means it’s time to go to the store. So, here’s how to germinate them.

How to Germinate Old cannabis seeds?

Got some seeds that you forget lying in your drawer for a long period, don’t worry! It is easy to germinate old cannabis seeds, do the needful:

• Pre-soak in warm water: Soaking seeds in warm water (20-25°C) for a few hours can help soften the seed coat and encourage germination. Usually, gardeners prefer soaking in nutrient-rich carbonated water but can be unnecessary and potentially introduce harmful bacteria. Plain water soaking is often sufficient.
• Try the Paper Towel method: Place seeds on a damp paper towel in a sealed container and store them in a warm, dark location for 24 hrs. Monitor for signs of sprouting.
• Go for the Rockwool Method: The Rockwool block method is a popular technique for germinating seeds and propagating cuttings, especially in hydroponic setups.

Get rock wool blocks, pH water, seeds, and a tray. Soak rock wool blocks for hours in pH-balanced water. Now squeeze water and let it be moist. Make a small place and place the seed inside it. Maintain temperature around 18- 25 C. Let it germinate and later transfer it to a larger hydroponic system.

Tips for Cannabis Seed germination

1. Viability Test: Before attempting germination, test your seeds to see if they’re still viable. There are methods like the float test where viable seeds sink in water.
2.  Scarring seeds: Scratch seeds with sandpaper to scratch the outer shell so that the seed enters the germination phase. You can even remove the ridge of the seed carefully without damaging it.
3. Research Seed Type: Different seeds have specific requirements for germination. Research the ideal conditions (moisture, temperature, light) for the type of seeds you have.
4. Start Simple: Often, the most successful germination methods are also the simplest. Moist paper towels or a shallow planting tray with a well-draining medium are common approaches.
5. Patience: Germination can take time. Be patient and avoid overwatering or handling the seeds too much.

 Don’t worry, if your seed does not germinate, every old seed does not germinate, so it’s okay! It is better to buy seeds fresh from the store whenever you are sowing them rather than reserving them.

Tips to Dry and Store Cannabis Seeds

Here’s the best way to dry and store cannabis seeds for long-term viability:

Drying

• Harvesting: When harvesting seeds from cannabis plants, allow them to dry naturally on the plant until the pods have completely opened and the seeds have hardened. This usually takes a few weeks after pollination.
• Separate Seeds: Carefully remove the seeds from the pods. Avoid damaging the seed coat.
• Air Dry: Spread the seeds on a clean, dry surface like a paper towel or mesh screen. Ensure good air circulation to prevent moisture build-up.
• Drying Time: Allow the seeds to dry completely for 24-48 hours. They should feel dry to the touch and not sticky.

Storing

• Cool Temperature: Aim for a storage temperature of around 4°C (40°F). A refrigerator is a great option, but avoid crisper drawers due to higher humidity levels.
• Airtight Container: Use an airtight container like a glass jar or vial with a tight-fitting lid. This prevents moisture fluctuations and contamination.
• Darkness: Light exposure can damage seeds. Choose an opaque container or wrap it in something to block light.
• Labeling: Mark the container with the strain type and date for easy organization.
• Portion control: Break down your stash into smaller quantities to minimize exposure to air when accessing it.
• First-in, first-out (FIFO) method: Use older cannabis flowers before opening new containers to maintain freshness.

By following these steps, you can create an ideal environment for your cannabis seeds to stay healthy and ready for germination when you need them.

How to Protect Cannabis Seeds from Molds and Pests?

The key to preventing mold growth is maintaining low humidity levels within the storage container. The desiccant packets mentioned earlier help with this. 

Always store seeds in a cool environment, ideally a refrigerator set to 4°C (40°F). It inhibits mold spore germination. Using clean and dry containers eliminates potential contaminants that could promote mold or attract pests.

Refer- Identifying and Treating Common Cannabis Pests and Diseases

Conclusion

So, here are the factors that influence seed storage and we are sure you will not make mistakes that you were doing earlier while storing your cannabis seeds.

One thing that people often neglect is buying superior seeds. When you buy matured and high-quality seeds they remain intact for long periods. Because seed quality matters!

Your cannabis garden is full of one strain type? Isn’t it boring to smoke? But have no space for other plants? What if you can grow multiple cannabis strains together? Can you do it? Yes! You can grow different marijuana in one grow space. However, it is not easy, and you have to take care of them accordingly, but after all, you are an experienced smart cultivator, and we are sure you will rock.

Growing multiple cannabis strains together can enhance your garden’s diversity, optimize space, and provide a variety of flavors and effects, but it requires careful management of different growth rates and environmental needs.

With all the challenges involved, let us know how to grow multiple marijuana strains together in your grow room. 

Making the Most of Your Grow Area

It is good to have a dedicated grow space to grow cannabis as you can use space more efficiently. Whether you grow a single strain or multiple each will require light, water, nutrients, and air circulation that will cost you approximately the same. Because if you grow different strains together, you will get more buds, which is worth it. 

But as you know, everything has plus and minus, so here they are:

Growing Different Cannabis Strains Together: Pros and Cons

Pros:

• If you have limited space, companion planting different strains can maximize your yield.
• You can harvest a range of effects and flavors from different strains in one grow.
• You have more possibilities of achieving a successful harvest. 
• It is the best way to enhance your cultivation skills by knowing about different cannabis genetics and how to grow them.

Cons:

• Strains have different requirements for light, nutrients, and watering. It is tricky to find a happy medium that suits all of them.
• Some stress from mismatched conditions can trigger hermaphroditism, where the plant produces pollen sacs and can pollinate other plants, affecting bud quality.
• Strains may have different flowering times. It can make it tough to harvest everything at its peak.

Also Read: Where to grow Cannabis- Indoor or Outdoor?

How to Plan a Successful Multi-Strain Cannabis Grow?

Multi strains can be grown in one tent, but you need to be extra vigilant and plan accordingly. Just picking random seeds and potting them without planning will not do. You need to understand that every strain is different and requirements differ.

As per National Institute of Health, Prorogation of several varieties of cannabis can be grown together but the biomass of plants will not be consistent. So, keep a few things in mind to make it work. 

Let’s begin by picking the right strain types first:

1. Indica and Sativa Strains

Yes, you can grow Indica and sativa plants together. Many experienced cultivators do this, but a few challenges might occur, like their growth period and height being different. Indica flowers around 8 weeks while sativa takes 10-14 weeks. Indicas are bushy and dense, while sativa are taller and leaner. They have different light, nutrients, and watering needs. Also, there is a risk of hermaphroditism. 

To combat this, always pick indica and sativa strains that have the same flowering time and growth patterns. Always, monitor growth and nutrient deficiencies. You can also opt for the Sea of Green SOG method by using many smaller plants instead of a few large ones, creating a uniform canopy that can help with light distribution.

Also Read: Indica, Sativa, and Hybrid: Which Cannabis Strain is Right for You?

2. Photoperiod and Autoflowering Strains

Usually growing photoperiod and autoflowering plants are not ideal but many pro growers do this by proper planning. Both, are north and south categories and have many challenges like a different light cycle, nutrient needs, and harvesting time. 

For a successful harvest, if possible, provide a separate area where you can switch the light cycle to 12/12 for photoperiods while autoflowers receive their regular light schedule.

You need to adjust nutrients for photoperiods during flowering. For that, use a base nutrient suitable for both. Also, select photoperiod strains with a relatively fast flowering time to minimize the timeline.

Choosing the Right Growing Medium: Soil or Hydroponics?

1. Soil: A simple and forgiving option for beginners. Choose a well-draining potting mix specifically formulated for cannabis, often containing perlite or coco coir for aeration.
2. Hydroponics: Offers faster growth and more precise control over nutrients, but demands stricter monitoring of pH and nutrient levels. This method is better suited for experienced growers.

Also Refer To: What is the Best Soil for Growing Cannabis?

Watering

Watering needs vary depending on factors like plant size, pot size, growing medium (soil dries slower than hydroponics), and climate. Generally, water deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry. For hydroponics, follow a feeding schedule based on your nutrient solution. Always use clean, pH-balanced water to avoid nutrient lockout or harming your plants.

Nutrients

Cannabis plants require macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and micronutrients throughout their growth cycle. Research and choose a suitable nutrient regimen specific to your chosen growing medium (soil or hydroponic).

Also, nutrients are typically needed in vegetative and flowering stages, with different ratios for each. Follow the recommended feeding schedule for your chosen nutrients, adjusting slightly based on your observations.

Optimizing Your Grow Space

1. Light: Select a grow light appropriate for the size of your space and the type of cannabis you’re growing (autoflower vs. photoperiod). Consider factors like light intensity, spectrum, and coverage area.
2. Ventilation: Proper airflow is crucial to prevent mold and mildew growth. Install an exhaust fan to remove stale air and introduce fresh air. A circulation fan helps with even air distribution within the space.
3. Temperature and Humidity: Maintain a comfortable temperature range for cannabis growth (ideally 68-78°F). Control humidity levels to avoid issues, like mold (high humidity) or stunted growth (low humidity). Invest in a thermometer and hygrometer to monitor these factors.

Lastly, keep checking each plant for signs of stress or nutrient deficiencies. Be prepared to adjust light, watering, or nutrients for specific plants- as needed to maintain their health and optimize yields.

Also Refer To: Why Proper Lighting is Crucial for Cannabis?

Important tips for Growing Multiple Cannabis Strains together or in one room

If you are ready to experiment, then here are a few tips on how you can get the most out of your grow space for growing varied cannabis plants under one grow tent:

1. Pick strains with similar characteristics

Pick strains with similar characteristics for easier management. Start with strains with closed harvest windows to avoid light wastage.

Group strains with similar light requirements (intensity and duration) to avoid stressing any plants. Always choose strains that grow to roughly the same height to create a uniform canopy and ensure all plants get adequate light.

2. Adjust Canopy Height and Shape by applying the ScrOG or SOG method:

Few methods make cannabis cultivation easier. It is best to apply them to accommodate different genetics under one roof.

The Screen of Green ScrOG method is a plant training that involves setting up a horizontal screen or trellis above your cannabis plants and strategically guiding the branches to grow horizontally across the screen. This method aims to create a flat canopy of growth for several purposes increased light, improved air circulation, uniform canopy, etc.

3. Picking strains with similar growth time

Strains with similar flowering times mean you won’t have to harvest some plants while others are still maturing. This simplifies your growth schedule and avoids wasting light on plants that have already finished flowering.

4. Do not overcrowd plants

Crowding plants restrict airflow, which can increase the risk of mold and mildew growth. Also, they compete for the same light, nutrients, and water. This can lead to stunted growth, nutrient deficiencies, and lower-quality buds.

5. Initiate flowering when the plant reaches half the final size:

There is a thumb rule that when a cannabis plant reaches a certain height, it should be provided a 12/12 light cycle to initiate buds. But this applies to photoperiod plants not autoflowering.

6. Opt for Autoflowering strains more than Photoperiod

Autos are relatively smaller and denser than photos, so you can grow more plants in the same space. Keep a ratio of 7:10 for photoperiod and autoflowering plants. This way you can accommodate more buds.

Also Refer To: What is Cannabis Plant Training?

What You Need to Know About Cannabis Strain Specifications?

Each strain is antithetical and has different specifications, some grow tall and stretchy while some grow dense and bushy. Also, the same strain of plants may grow differently especially when the seed comes from the clones because of unique tendencies and characteristics. If you grow cannabis outdoors in sunlight same strains may look different some may look light yellow or some will be dark green. 

How do buds differ?

Cannabis buds differ from each other in terms of:

• Bud quality: Every bud trichome profile is different. Trichomes are tiny hair-like glands that contain cannabinoids THC, CBD, and other terpenes. It affects the potency, flavor, and aroma of the final product.
• Growth: Usually, Indicas are bushier and shorter with wide leaves and sativa are tall, lanky, and have thin leaves. However, hybridization makes plants grow from tall to short and dense to thin and vice versa.
• Blooming time: The genetic makeup of a strain determines its flowering time. Indica strains typically flower faster, within 7-9 weeks, while sativas may take 10-14 weeks or even longer.

Similarly, strains with ruderalis genetics (autoflowers) flower automatically based on age, not light cycle, and typically have shorter flowering times than photoperiod strains (which flower based on light cycle).

What are the best strains that can be grown together? Is it costly and worth it?

Here are some Recommended Cannabis Strains Match:

Fast Flowering Cannabis Strains

If you want quick results get these fast version seeds whose flowering time is approx 8 weeks after initiating the 12/12 schedule. 

• Jack Herer Fast Version Seeds- These are quick and efficient ways to cultivate cannabis. It has citrusy and piney notes with a subtle aroma. Its height is about 3.9ft and is recognized for its uplifting effects. 
• Papa Smurf Fast Version Seeds- Papa Smurf is ready to harvest in 8 to 9 weeks. Its height is 3-5 feet and has a local cannabis aroma. 

Auto-flowering Strains

Autos are the favorite ones for novices and for people who are looking to harvest within 10 weeks of sowing the seed. The auto-flowering strain mentioned here has a height of 3-4 ft and can be accommodated in one canopy easily. 

• Gorilla Cake Strain- Up to 25% THC, great yields with sweet and spicy flavors.
• Grandaddy Purple Strain- Up to 19% THC and is known for its beautiful purple hues. It is a low-maintenance plant.

Photoperiod Strains With Same Height and Flowering Plants (Excellent Yields)

If you don’t have much time to check on plants regularly, go for plants with similar growth periods and heights to keep under one canopy. These strains grow to a medium height and flowering takes about 9 weeks after initiating a 12/12 light schedule. Try these strains as it has great flavor and potency:

• Fruity OG Kush- Fruity OG is a hybrid plant with 20-25% THC and grows up to 4ft. It has a relaxing and calming effect.
• Godfather OG Feminized Cannabis- Godfather OG is an Indica that grows up to 6ft. It also has THC up to 25% and poses a soothing and sedating effect. 

Worth it or not? It depends on your priorities. If you’re a beginner, it might be best to gain experience with one strain first or try autos as they are easy to manage.

If you are an experienced grower and wish for a bountiful of marijuana buds, there is a vast range of seeds that you can try growing in your cannabis garden.

Also Read: Harvesting Cannabis Buds: Tips, Tricks, and Expert Advice

FAQS:

1. Can two cannabis plants grow in a single pot?

Not ideally. You can grow two cannabis plants in a single pot, but there are many problems as they compete for resources like light, nutrients, and water. It can lead to stunted growth and lower yields. However, the main issue is restricted root development, which affects growth and potency. Hence, it is recommended to use larger pots and choose strains known for compact growth.

2. How do growers cross strains?

Crossbreeding cannabis strains involves pollinating female flowers (pistils) with pollen from other male plants. Different breeding techniques are opted for, however, it is a complex process, so some seed banks like Farmking Canada offer feminized seeds produced through breeding methods that don’t involve males.

3. Is it possible to grow different cannabis strains together in hydroponics?

Not really, because some cannabis strains may require different nutrients, and growing multiple strains means compromising on some plants. It is why seasoned growers and experts prefer small individual hydroponics systems for individual plants rather than a one-size-fits-all strategy.

4. Can I grow auto-flower and feminized together?

It is not ideal to grow autos and feminized plants together because autoflowers flowering is based on age, regardless of the light cycle. Feminized photoperiod plants’ flowering is based on a shift in the light cycle. This difference makes it difficult to create optimal conditions for both types.

5. Can I grow photos and autos together?

Yes, you can grow autolowers and photos cannabis plants together but you need to pick them with a similar light schedule. If photos need a 12/12 light schedule, the same light cycle should be followed by autoflowering plants. The same rule is for strain nutrients, watering, and other requirements. Otherwise, autoflowers will have low yields.

6. What is the optimal temperature for multiple cannabis-growing canopies?

The optimal temperature for a multi-strain cannabis growing canopy falls within a comfortable range, ideally between 68-78°F (20-26°C). This range promotes healthy growth and development for many cannabis strains. You can go for a one or two degrees cooler temperature if you want, but remember to provide proper ventilation. 

7. Do different strains have different harvest times?

Yes, different cannabis strains often have different harvest times. It can add complexity to multi-strain growth, especially for beginners. This time varies because of different genetics. It is why when multiple cannabis growing, always pick strains with the same flowering time.

8. How do I prevent different strains from affecting each other’s growth?

To prevent different strains from affecting each other’s growth provide enough space between plants to avoid competition and proper airflow. Monitor plants regularly- for this, check for nutrient deficiencies, stress, and other growth-hindering signs. Lastly, always pick strains that have the same genetics or are hybrids.

Conclusion

Remember, growing multiple strains requires more effort and experience. By carefully planning your grow space, choosing the right medium and nutrients, and monitoring your plants closely, you can increase your chances of achieving a successful and diverse harvest.

Happy cannabis gardening!

Cannabis training is best for indoors or outdoor cannabis growing. These techniques allow grower to have more control over farming and harvesting. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced grower, you cannot overlook the benefits cannabis training techniques provides you.

Why not allow cannabis plants naturally? Why to apply these training? See, cannabis plant blooms even in natural environment and depends on day cycle. But if you are growing plant indoors, you need to mimic the light cycle by using a proper lighting setup and schedule to harvest better yield.

But this is not just the case for indoors, even outdoor cannabis sometimes grow smaller and gives less buds. You might have noticed that buds in the lower plant section is almost less visible and does not get proper light. When you pluck them them are less potent too. 

It happens because of low nutrients, imbalanced pH, etc. It can be eradicated, if you follow plant training. In this you have command over growing scenario and you train the plant in such a way that it produces higher quality and denser buds in the same level. How? We are discussing this in detail.

What is Cannabis Plant Training and Benefits?

Cannabis plant training is a technique used by growers to manipulate the growth of their plants to achieve higher yields indoors. You can increase the outcome by 50% if you know how to apply these techniques appropriately.

There are three main types of training: 

1. Structural Optimization( Little twists with little to no damage to plant)

2. Advanced Growing Techniques (Removal of plant and applying strategically growing methods)

3. Manipulating Production Cycles (Ways to get faster and bigger yields)

Types of Cannabis Training

As we know that there are three key techniques that grower can apply for bountiful harvest. You can apply one or two techniques at a time as these techniques complement each other. For example, when using fast version seeds, you get fast timelines already but you can use bending or securing plant parts for extra care. Now let us see the breakdown of all:

1. Structural Optimization

This technique also known as Low Stress Training LST, involves bending or securing the parts of the plant to achieve specific goals. There are several methods like:

LST (Low-Stress Training)

It is a gentle and widely used method that focuses on bending and securing the stems and branches of your plant to create an even canopy. The main idea is to spread the tall stems by bending them away from the middle plant and spreading out horizontally for better light penetration. LST utilizes soft ties, clips, or a trellis net to maintain the desired shape. It should be applied when the stem is young and flexible else you might end up damaging the plant. This helps in increasing yields, improved bud quality, enhanced airflow and height control.

How to do it?

Begin LST during the vegetative stage when the plant is young and flexible (around 3-4 weeks old). To do this, locate the main stem and identify the branches and bend them carefully downwards towards the desired position. 

Avoid using excessive force and gently secure the bent branches. As the plant grows, gently adjust the ties and branches to maintain an even canopy. You can repeat LST throughout the vegetative stage to achieve the desired canopy structure.

No-Technique Plant Training (Natural Growth):

This method is the basic one that allows the plant to grow naturally without any intervention. If you are a novice and want natural results, it’s for you. Here the main stem is bent to 90 degrees when plant is young. While it requires less effort, it might not optimize yield or bud quality. Light penetration can be uneven, potentially leading to less developed flowers on lower branches.

Supercropping and Lollipopping (High-Stress Training):

These techniques involve more aggressive manipulation and are classified as High-Stress Training (HST). 

Supercropping

Supercropping involves excessive stressing a branch by carefully bending and squeezing it to stimulate growth. These stems are woody and tall and tough to bend. With supercropping you soften the branch and then bend the stem. It helps you divert energy from main stem to secondary stems to increase colas. What you do here is pinch the stem between your fingers and bend it bit away from the central area.

Step by Step Supercropping:

This technique is not for beginners. Place a healthy, mid-sized branch during the vegetative stage by avoiding the main stem or thin branches. Firmly pinch the branch, about halfway down its length between your thumb and forefinger. Apply enough pressure to feel some resistance in the stem. 

While pinching, gently bend the branch downwards until you feel slight resistance. You should see minor discoloration at the pinch point, but avoid snapping the branch. Secure the bent branch loosely with a soft tie for support and monitor the branch for signs of stress or recovery. Over the next few days, the branch should begin to heal and show signs of thicker growth at the stressed area.

Lollipopping

Lollipopping involves removing lower branches to focus energy on the top colas. It is performed during vegetative stage where you remove leaves and stems from bottom so the light penetration increases. It is when your plant will focus on bud production rather than sizing. The only thing matters here is to remove leaves and stems at right time. If leaves are removed early, plant will focus on growing leaves and if done late, plant energy wastes in flower sites.

Step-by-Step Lollipopping:

For Lollipopping you have to wait until your plant has developed a good amount of branching and some established bud sites, typically during the late vegetative stage or the first few weeks of flowering. 

Focus on removing all lower branches and leaves below the desired canopy level. By using a sharp, sterile pruning shears make clean cuts at the base of the branches you want to remove.

Avoid leaving large stubs that could invite pests or diseases. After removing the lower branches and leaves energy diverts towards developing the remaining top colas.

ScrOG (Screen of Green)

This method utilizes a screen above the plants to guide and weave the branches through the openings. ScROG creates a uniform sea of green canopy, maximizing light distribution and potentially boosting yields. The netted screen can be made of chicken wire, rope or nylon netting. It often involves LST techniques in conjunction with the screen. It allows growers to increases the number of buds in plants and support to the heavy buds.

How to Set Up SCROG

Materials Required: A grow tent, cannabis plant, SCROG screen (made of netting, mesh, or chicken wire with appropriate hole size), Light source, soft plant ties and pruning shears.

Setting Up the SCROG:

Position your SCROG screen about 20-40 centimeters above the top of your cannabis plants in their pots. The exact height depends on the size and growth rate of your plants. You can adjust the screen height later as needed. Ensure your grow light is positioned directly above the screen for even light distribution across the entire area.

2. Advanced Growing Techniques

This category focuses on influencing cannabis plants through damage or removal of certain parts. These techniques are considered High-Stress Training (HST) and can significantly increase yields when performed correctly. However, due to the stress placed on the plant, they require more experience as high risk is involved.

Here are some popular HST techniques:

Topping

This involves removing the main growing tip of the plant, forcing it to develop two new main colas from the nodes below. It creates a bushier plant with more bud sites. The main issue is not to over stress the plant.

Steps to do Topping:

When your plant has at least 4-6 nodes its time to attempt topping by identifying the main stem and locate the node just above where you want to make the cut. Use a sharp sterile pruning shears for a clean 45-degree angle cut, just above the chosen node. Provide your plant with a few days to recover from the stress of topping before manipulating it further.

FIMing (Fingering Individuality Manifestation)

FIMing is a variation of topping that involves pinching off a small portion of the new growth at the tip of the plant, rather than making a complete clean cut. It can potentially encourage more main shoots to develop compared to a traditional topping, but it requires good timing and precision.

Step-by-Step FIMing:

FIMing is best done during the vegetative stage when new growth is actively developing by checking the new growth at the apex of the main stem. Now use your thumb and forefinger, gently pinch off the uppermost 60-70% of the new growth, including the tiny immature leaves. Aim for a clean pinch without crushing the stem. The plant may respond by developing several new shoots after sometime.

Manifolding

This advanced technique involves repeated topping and strategically removing shoots to create a plant with multiple main colas. This method can significantly increase bud sites and potentially boost yields, but it requires experience, planning, and precise execution to avoid harming the plant.

How to do Manifolding?

Take a strong and healthy cannabis plant during vegetative stage. Make a clean cut at the top of main stem using sterile scissors. This will helps plant grow two main shoots. 

Once the secondary shoots reach a desired height, repeat the topping process. It will create four main colas. Continue this cycle of topping secondary shoots as they grow. Strategically remove any unnecessary growth. The aim is to encourage new and dense bud growth.

Defoliation

Defoliation involves strategically removing leaves, primarily large fan leaves, from the lower and inner areas of your cannabis plant. Done correctly, it can significantly improve light penetration, airflow, and nutrient distribution, potentially leading to healthier plants and increased bud quality and yield. However, over-defoliation can be detrimental, so it’s crucial to understand the proper approach.

How to do Defoliation?

Start defoliation during late veg or early flower. Target large fan leaves from the lower and inner areas that block light to lower bud sites or are large and shading developing buds below.

Prioritize removing damaged or pest-infested leaves. Remove a few leaves and monitor cannabis response. Stop defoliating if you see signs of stress and allow the plant time to recover before considering further leaf removal.

Also Refer To Beginner’s Guide to Growing Cannabis at Home in Canada

3. Manipulating Timelines

This section explores techniques that advantage control over light cycles to influence your cannabis plants’ growth and harvest schedule. By manipulating the photoperiod (light/dark hours)- you can achieve faster flowering times and potentially bigger yields. Here are two popular methods that fit this category:

12-12 from Seed

This method involves placing your cannabis plants under a 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle from the moment they sprout as seeds. Cannabis plants naturally flower when exposed to long darkness, so this method bypasses the traditional vegetative stage. It results in smaller, single-cola plants with a faster harvest time, ideal for short grow spaces or impatient growers. However, you may loss some yield potential with this method.

Sea of Green (SOG)

This method combines a specific plant layout with a manipulated light schedule. SOG involves growing many small plants close together, creating a Sea of Green canopy. These plants are typically switched to a 12/12 light cycle after a short vegetative period (2-3 weeks) to promote even growth and bud development. It maximizes yield per square foot due to the high plant density and allows for quicker harvests than traditional methods.

Also Read: Harvesting Cannabis Buds: Tips, Tricks, and Expert Advice

Why it is important to do Plant Training Techniques while Growing Cannabis Indoor or outdoors? How Training Increases Yield?

Plant training techniques are important for cannabis growers, both indoors and outdoors, for several reasons:

• Increased Yields: Training techniques, particularly LST (Low-Stress Training) promote an even canopy. It allows more light to penetrate deeper into the plant, reaching lower branches and encouraging the development of more bud sites (colas).
• Better Light, Denser Buds: Improved light penetration increases the number of bud sites and can lead to denser, more potent buds. With better light exposure, the flowers can develop more trichomes, the tiny glands that produce cannabinoids and terpenes, the compounds responsible for the psychoactive effects and aroma of cannabis.
• Enhanced Airflow: Techniques like defoliation (strategic leaf removal) and opening up the canopy with LST improve air circulation within the plant. It helps prevent moisture buildup and mold or mildew problems, which can devastate your harvest.
• Controlling Plant Height: LST is useful for indoor growers with limited space. By gently bending and manipulating the stems, you can control the overall height and ensure it fits comfortably within your grow area.
• Strong Branches for Heavier Buds: As your plants mature, the weight of the developing buds can stress branches, potentially causing them to break. Training techniques can help strengthen the branches by encouraging them to grow in a more horizontal orientation, better support the weight of heavy flowers.

Also Refer To: Why Proper Lighting is Crucial for Cannabis?

What are the reasons for Choosing Training Methods based on the strain?

Choosing the right training method for cannabis plants does depend on the strain you’re growing because different strains have naturally different growth patterns.

Sativa-dominant strains tend to be taller and leggier, while Indica-dominant strains are typically shorter and bushier. These inherent tendencies influence how well a plant responds to certain training methods.

Also, training methods are suitable for definite strains like:

• LST for Taller Plants: LST (Low-Stress Training) works best with strains that have some flexibility in their stems. Sativa-dominant strains often have this flexibility, allowing them to be gently bent and manipulated to create an even canopy. Indica-dominant plants, with their stockier build, might be more resistant to bending and could be easily damaged by LST.
• HST for Bushier Plants: HST (High-Stress Training) techniques like topping and supercropping involve intentionally stressing the plant. Indica-dominant strains, already bushier with shorter internodal spacing (distance between nodes), might not benefit as much from additional branching encouraged by HST. They may also be more susceptible to stress compared to Sativa-dominant strains.
• Yield vs. Potency: Some growers prioritize maximizing yield, while others desire maximizing bud potency. Training methods can influence this outcome. For example, topping a Sativa-dominant strain can encourage more bud sites, potentially increasing yield. However, it may also slightly decrease the potency of each bud. Indica-dominant strains, known for their dense, potent buds, might not require techniques that significantly increase bud sites.
• Grower Experience: HST techniques require more experience and careful execution to avoid harming the plant. Indica-dominant strains, due to their potentially lower stress tolerance, might be a riskier choice for beginners attempting HST.

Here is a Chart Representing Training Techniques for Different Cannabis Plant Types For Better Understanding:

Training Technique	Indica-Dominant	Sativa-Dominant	Notes
LST (Low-Stress Training)	Excellent	Excellent	Ideal for both Indica and Sativa due to its gentle manipulation. Encourages bushier growth and even canopy development.
Topping	Good	Good	Effective for both, but may require slightly different approaches. Indica might require fewer topping than Sativa.
Supercropping (HST)	Use with Caution	Less Recommended	Indica’s naturally thicker stems might handle supercropping better, but it’s still a high-stress technique and requires experience.
SCROG (Screen of Green)	Good	Excellent	Well-suited for Sativa’s naturally taller growth pattern. Indica dense structure might require more manipulation to fill the screen effectively.
Manifolding (Advanced)	Not Recommended	Excellent	Indica’s bushy growth can become overgrown and difficult to manage with manifolding.
Defoliation	Good	Excellent	Both benefit from strategic defoliation to improve light penetration and airflow.

Also Read: How to Check for the Potency of Cannabis Plants?

What are the Common Issues while implementing these Techniques and how to solve them?

While cannabis plant training offers numerous benefits, growers can encounter these common challenges during implementation. They are:

1. Over-training or Damage: Applying too much stress with High-Stress Training (HST) techniques like topping or supercropping can damage the plant, hindering growth or even killing it.

Solution: Start with gentler techniques like LST (Low-Stress Training) for beginners. Research the specific strain tolerance for HST before attempting methods, like topping or supercropping. 

2. Incorrect Timing: Applying training techniques at the wrong growth stage can be detrimental. For example, topping too early on a young plant can stunt its development.

Solution: Understand the appropriate growth stage for each training technique. Refer to specific instructions for each method. Wait until the plant is healthy and established before applying any training methods. 

3. Light Penetration Issues: Improper defoliation (leaf removal) can reduce light penetration to lower bud sites, hindering their growth.

Solution: Focus on removing large fan leaves that block light penetration to lower areas. Prune strategically and consider defoliation during the late vegetative stage or early flower for optimal results.

4. Nutrient Imbalances: Training, especially heavy defoliation, can disrupt the nutrient uptake and balance.

Solution: Adjust your nutrient feeding regimen after training to ensure the plant has the necessary nutrients to recover and support new growth. 

5. Pests and Diseases: Training can create open wounds, making the plant more susceptible to pests and diseases.

Solution: Use sterile tools when pruning or cutting to minimize the risk of infection. Maintain good air circulation around the plant to prevent moisture buildup that can attract mold and mildew. 

Also Refer To Identifying and Treating Common Cannabis Pests and Diseases

Why Train Indoors?

Indoor cannabis cultivation offers a controlled environment with significant advantages over letting plants grow naturally. Growers can create optimal conditions by adjusting temperature, humidity, and light to prevent weather-related issues and shield plants from harsh outdoor elements. Additionally, indoor spaces minimize the risk of pests and diseases that can devastate outdoor crops.

Indoor training techniques like LST, topping, and SCROG allow for manipulating plant structure to create a more even canopy, maximizing light exposure to all bud sites and potentially leading to increased yields. 

It provides additional benefits like increased security and privacy, with greater control over who has access to the plants. Depending on local regulations, it can also be a more discreet option than outdoor growing.

Also Read: Cannabis Seeds Growing Indoor Guide

Conclusion

Hope, this article has helped you to know all the marijuana growing techniques. Always research, monitor and don’t be afraid to seek help.

If you have any queries, do mention in the suggestion box below and we will help you with it!

As technology changes, we move on to new advancements. The same has happened with developments made in cannabis seeds with feminized and autoflowering seeds that may be making you overlook regular cannabis seeds, but, not the case. Regular seeds also have many possibilities to explore.

Exploring the nuances between feminized vs regular cannabis seeds reveals essential factors in yield, genetic stability, and cultivation practices, guiding growers towards informed decisions tailored to their preferences and objectives.

At Farmking, we make sure that there is transparency in all our products. With the same view, we would like to tell you that a seed is a seed. Now we are calling it regular cannabis seed as we have made hybrids- feminized cannabis seeds and autoflowering cannabis seeds. 

Both versions are updated versions of cannabis seeds made to cater to different climatic changes. But no one is less than any. So, let us unlock the details to know them better.

Understanding the Sex of Cannabis Plant

Understanding the sex of your cannabis plants is crucial for a successful harvest. Regular cannabis seeds, produced through natural pollination, will develop into male or female plants with a 50/50 chance. The key lies in identifying the males early, typically during the pre-flowering stage. 

Female plants will show lean white hairs (pistils) at the nodes where branches meet the stem. Males, on the other hand, develop small round pollen sacs. Once you can differentiate these sex characteristics, it’s essential to remove the males before they pollinate the females and ruin bud production. 

This sex identification process adds complexity to growing with regular seeds, but with feminized we know it will produce female plants. But It is a valuable skill for experienced growers who want more control over genetics and potentially higher quality harvests.

Also read: Identifying Male vs Female Cannabis: Characteristics, Similarities, and Differences

What Are Regular Cannabis Seeds?

Regular cannabis seeds are the original type of cannabis seed. Wait until the pre-flowering stage to see its sexes, when you will see small green flowers and pollen sacs. If you don’t remove them, they will pollinate female plants, resulting in low yields.

Natural pollination occurs when a female cannabis plant is pollinated by a male cannabis plant resulting in seeds that have a 50% chance of becoming either male or female plants.

Pros of Regular Cannabis Seeds

• Genetic diversity: Regular seeds allow for breeding your strains and creating new hybrids. It is sounder for breeders and experienced growers who want to experiment with genetics.
• Stronger female plants: Because you identify and remove the male plants, the remaining female plants will have focused all their energy on bud production, potentially resulting in a higher quality harvest.
• Lower cost: Regular seeds are typically cheaper than feminized seeds.
• No hermaphrodites: Regular seeds will never produce hermaphrodite plants. These can also ruin your harvest if they pollinate the females.

Cons of Regular Cannabis Seeds

• Identifying and removing males: You need to be able to identify the sex of your cannabis plants early on in the growing process. Male plants don’t produce the buds you want, and if they pollinate the females, it can ruin your harvest. It requires some knowledge and attention to detail.
• Less yield: Since you have to remove half the plants (the males), you will end up with fewer female plants to harvest from compared to using feminized seeds.
• Not ideal for beginners: The extra step of identifying and removing males adds complexity to the growing process. Feminized seeds are a simple option for new growers.

Also Refer to: Harvesting Cannabis Buds: Tips, Tricks, and Expert Advice

What Are Feminized Cannabis Seeds?

Regular cannabis seeds have a chance to produce male or female seeds, but Feminized cannabis seeds produce only female plants. It is achieved through a specific breeding process that tricks a female plant into producing pollen. 

This pollen pollinate other female plants. Since feminized seeds come from two females, the resulting offspring inherit only XX chromosomes (female sex chromosomes) with 99% of female plants. 

Pros of Feminized Cannabis Seeds

Higher Yields: Because you won’t have any male plants to remove, you can maximize your grow space with females, leading to potentially bigger harvests.

• Convenience: There’s no need to identify and remove males. It simplifies the growing process, especially for beginners.
• Consistent Potency: Female plants generally produce higher levels of cannabinoids (THC, CBD) than males. Feminized seeds ensure a crop of potent bud-producing plants.
• Reduced Risk of Pollination: Since there are no male around, there’s no chance of accidental pollination that can ruin your harvest with seeds.
• Ideal for Beginners: The ease of growing with feminized seeds makes them a popular choice for first-time cultivators.

Cons of Feminized Cannabis Seeds

• Limited Genetic Diversity: Feminized seeds are bred for specific traits, which can limit genetic diversity. It means less opportunity for breeders to experiment and create new strains.
• Slightly Higher Cost: Feminized seeds typically cost more than regular seeds due to the additional breeding process involved.
• Potential for Hermaphrodites: While uncommon, some feminized seeds can carry a slight risk of producing hermaphrodite plants under stress. These plants have both sex organs and can pollinate your females, reducing bud quality.

Also Read: What Cannabis Seeds Look Like?

Feminized vs Regular Cannabis Seeds: Which is Better?

The choice between regular and feminized cannabis seeds depends on sex predetermination. It impacts the growing process, harvest, and opportunities for genetic exploration. So, let us unlock them:

Regular Cannabis Seeds

• Sex: Regular seeds are nature’s creation, resulting from pollination between male and female cannabis plants. They carry fifty percent of becoming either male or female. It is ideal for breeders who want to search the full spectrum of cannabis genetics.

• Growing impact: It requires more hands-on management. Identifying male plants early in the pre-flowering stage is crucial. If not removed before pollinating the females, they can ruin your bud harvest by producing unwanted seeds. 

• Yield: Due to removing the male plants, you have fewer females to harvest from, potentially leading to a lower overall yield.

• Breeding and Genetics: Many breeders love to do mutations. Regular seeds offer a wider range of genetics by crossing desired male and female plants, breeders can create new strains with specific characteristics. It is how the vast diversity of cannabis strains is continuously developed. That is why you are talking about feminized seeds, autoflowering seeds, hybrid seeds, and fast-version seeds.

• Cost: They are typically cheaper due to the simpler production process. If you are a novice, it will be a better option without digging a hole in your pocket.

• Hermaphrodites: These will never produce hermaphrodite plants, which have both male and female sex organs and can ruin your harvest through pollination.

Feminized Cannabis Seeds

• Sex: You are 99% sure from the beginning that you are getting female plants. This eliminates the need to identify and remove males, simplifying the growing process.

• Growing Impact: These offer a simpler and more beginner-friendly approach. Since they’re almost guaranteed to be female, there’s no need to worry about identifying and removing males. 

• Yield: Since all the plants are likely to be female, you can maximize your grow space for bud production, potentially resulting in bigger harvests.

• Breeding and Genetics: Due to their origin from two females, they offer limited genetic diversity. This makes them less suitable for breeding new strains.

• Cost: The additional breeding techniques involved make them slightly more expensive.

• Hermaphrodites: While rare, there’s a slight risk of some feminized seeds producing hermaphrodites under stress conditions.

A Quick chart on the difference between regular and feminized cannabis seeds:

Seed Type	Sex Ratio	Identifying Males	Yield Potential	Breeding Potential	Cost	Hermaphrodite Risk	Ideal for
Regular	50% Male, 50% Female	Required (remove males)	Lower (fewer females)	High (create new strains)	Lower	None	Experienced Breeders, Higher Quality (potential)
Feminized	Almost 100% Female	Not Required	Higher (all females)	Low (limited options)	Slightly Higher	Slight Risk under Stress	Beginners, Simpler Process, Bigger Yields

What is the Hermaphrodite Cannabis Plant?

A hermaphrodite plant, also known as hermie, is a bit of a revolutionary. Unlike most cannabis plants, which are typically dioecious (meaning they are strictly male or female), hermaphrodite cannabis plants develop both male and female sex organs on the same plant.

It is a problem for growers because the male flowers (pollen sacs) on a hermaphrodite can pollinate the female flowers (pistils), leading to seed production. Seeds are undesirable in most cases because they reduce the potency of the bud (THC and other cannabinoids).

Also Refer to: How Long Does it Take to Grow Cannabis?

How to Deal with Hermaphrodite Cannabis?

Unfortunately, there’s no way, but the best is to isolate and remove the hermaphrodite plant from your grow space to prevent it from pollinating any nearby females. 

If you’re close to harvest and the hermaphrodite hasn’t shown many signs of pollen production, you might consider harvesting the unaffected females early. However, this comes with the potential for lower-quality buds.

How to prevent Hermaphrodites?

To minimize the risk of hermaphrodites, always pick high-quality seeds from reputed seed banks and provide optimal growing conditions like consistent light cycles, proper temperature and humidity levels, and address any nutrient deficiencies. Most importantly, handle your plants gently and avoid unnecessary disruptions to their environment.

FAQs

1. Can you see the difference between regular and feminized seeds?

No, you cannot physically see the difference between regular and feminized cannabis seeds. They look virtually identical, typically small, round, and brown. The difference lies in their genetics and how they develop. It becomes evident only as the plants mature and develop sex organs during the pre-flowering stage.

2. Do regular seeds and feminized seeds grow differently?

Regular and feminized cannabis seeds will grow differently in terms of sex predetermination but require similar cultivation methods. So, no worries as such.

3. Which seed type is better for beginners: feminized or regular?

Generally, Feminized seeds are a better choice for beginners because there is no need to identify and remove male plants, making it easier to manage your growth. It gives guaranteed female plants, maximizing your bud production potential. 

4. Do female seeds turn into male seeds?

No, usually female seeds do not turn into male seeds. However, there is a 1% chance that it may turn into male plants. This case is super rare.

What Should I Buy and Why?

It’s clear till now that regular seeds are apt for experienced growers who want to experiment with breeding, potentially achieve higher quality crop, and are comfortable with identifying and removing male plants. 

Conversely, Feminized seeds are beginner-friendly, guarantee female plants, potentially high yields, and consistent bud quality. They’re also ideal for growers with limited space.

But what matters is what you want. What is your experience level, goals, and priorities? So, choose sagely!

Cannabis cultivation is a complex and refined process that depends on variables like proper lights, balanced pH, right water schedule, right humidity, optimum nutrients, etc. A crucial factor we are discussing today is proper lighting for cannabis.

What Lighting Characteristics do we need to consider the most? 

As a cannabis grower, consider the following:

• Lighting schedule (Photoperiod)
• Light intensity
• Light spectrum

That is why we say that the right type and amount of light with the correct intensity is what we need to maximize cannabis harvest and high-potency buds. People often neglect this factor and then blame the seed’s quality. Hence, we will give you the basics of lighting and its role in photosynthesis at each stage. 

Also, enlighten about indoor growing tips. So, whether you are a novice or a seasoned grower, we assure you that by following the guide, your cannabis harvest will be bountiful. 

Before we proceed, do you know what is a light cycle and how it affects cannabis plants? 

A light cycle refers to the daily period of light and darkness that plants receive. Cannabis is sensitive to light cycles and manipulating them (photoperiod) in regulating its growth stages. The standard light cycle for indoor cultivation is 18/6 for vegetative growth and 12/12 for flowering. This change in light duration triggers hormonal changes in the plant, initiating bud production.

Proper Lighting for Cannabis

There are three key lighting characteristics in cannabis cultivation that play a vital role in plant growth and development: photoperiod, light intensity, and light spectrum.

1. Photoperiod ( Light Schedule)

It refers to the light/dark cycle of cannabis plants in a day. Cannabis is classified as a short-day plant, meaning it flowers when daylight hours are shorter than nighttime. This light cycle triggers hormonal changes in the plant, initiating bud production. Indoor growers have to replicate this cycle for optimum growth. Once indoor plants adjust, chemical signals of the plant alter and signal the plant to enter a new stage.

2. Light Intensity

Grow light impacts cannabis growth and is measured in units called Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF). Light intensity refers to the amount of usable light energy (PAR – photosynthetically active radiation) that reaches the plant canopy. Light intensity directly affects the rate of photosynthesis, which in turn fuels the plant’s growth and yield.

Photosynthetic Photon Flux PPFD is the number of photons emitted in the light device. It is what plant absorbs to do its photosynthesis process. Sometimes PPF is confused with PPFD. PPF is a unit available on the manufacturer’s data but not an accurate measurement of photons that reach the canopy.

To take a step further, you can do Daily Light Integral (DLI) by quantifying the total PAR plant absorbs daily in 24 hours. It is an essential step when we consider the growth and development of cannabis.

• Finding the Sweet Spot: There’s an optimal range of light intensity for cannabis cultivation. Too low, the plant will stretch and become weak. Too high, the plant might suffer from light stress, reducing growth and potentially damaging the leaves.

• Meters for Measurement: Growers can use PPF meters to measure light intensity at various points within the grow space, ensuring their plants receive the appropriate light.

So, what light intensity is best for cannabis?

The ideal light intensity for cannabis cultivation depends on the growth stage of the plant:

• Vegetative Stage (Seedlings & Young Plants): During this initial growth period, cannabis thrives under a moderate light intensity range of 600 to 1000 micromoles per square meter per second (µmol/m²/s), also known as PPF (Photosynthetic Photon Flux). It provides sufficient light for vigorous growth without overwhelming young plants.

• Flowering Stage (Bud Production): As the plant matures and enters the flowering stage, its light requirements increase. To maximize bud development and potential yield- cultivators typically aim for a light intensity range of 1000 to 1500 µmol/m²/s. Some growers may even push the limit to 1800 µmol/m²/s with proper environmental controls like ventilation and CO2 supplementation.

3. Light Spectrum

Another indoor growing factor is the light spectrum. This characteristic refers to the colors or wavelengths of the grow lights. Different wavelengths within the PAR spectrum have varying effects on cannabis plants’ stages, like which stage you are applying- cloning, seedling, vegetative, or flowering. 

Color Matters: What is the role of light spectrum (color) in cannabis growth? It might not seem important, but yes, light color matters. Blue wavelengths are more beneficial during the vegetative stage, promoting strong and bushy plant growth.

Red wavelengths are crucial during flowering, as they signal bud production and can influence cannabinoid content. Some advanced grow lights allow growers to adjust the spectrum to provide the ideal wavelengths for each stage.

Read Our Advanced Guide for Growing Cannabis

How does light affect photosynthesis in Cannabis Plants?

There is a correlation between light and cannabis cultivation. It is one of the factors for every plant’s growth and development, including cannabis. It acts as a fuel for the cannabis plant photosynthesis process. 

During photosynthesis, cannabis leaves use light energy to power chemical reactions. These reactions convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar), a primary building block for the plant’s growth and development.

There are many factors that decide which light is perfect for your marijuana. If you are growing outdoors, it depends on natural sunlight, but if grown indoors, you know that there are different grow lights and have pros and cons. Some popular cannabis lights are LED, CMH, HID, and fluorescent (CFL). 

Hence, picking the right grow lights, grow room area, intensity, duration, and distance matters. Too much light will damage the plant, while deficient light will lead to slow and stunted growth.

Also Refer to Guide to Outdoor Cannabis Cultivation in Canada

Natural Sunlight vs. Artificial Grow Lights Significance in Cannabis Cultivation

Cannabis thrives under both- natural sunlight and artificial light but has advantages and disadvantages. Natural sunlight provides the full light spectrum essential for healthy growth and potentially influences cannabinoid levels. However, sunlight’s intensity and duration are uncontrollable, limiting yields and making cultivation challenging. 

Artificial lights, on the other hand, offer complete control. Growers can manipulate the light spectrum to favor vegetative or flowering stages and extend daylight hours for maximized yields. However, these lights can be expensive and may not perfectly replicate natural sunlight. 

Ultimately, the choice depends on your priorities. If you desire year-round control and potentially higher yields, artificial lighting provides the upper hand.

Also Read: What is the Best Soil for Growing Cannabis?

What are the different types of grow lights available for Cannabis Cultivation? 

When it comes to illuminating your indoor cannabis haven, various grow light options exist, each with its own set of strengths and weaknesses. Here they are:

1. High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lights

These are the best of the grow light scene, offering efficacy for cultivating potent cannabis. They’re a proven technology with a track record of producing high yields, and their upfront cost is generally lower than some other options. HID lights come in two types:

• Metal Halide (MH) lights: These keep your plants cool with a blue-white light spectrum, ideal for the vegetative stage. Expect bushier plants with strong stems under their control.

• High-pressure sodium (HPS) lights: As flowering begins switch to HPS from MH. These lights emit a warm, reddish-orange spectrum that cannabis hunger during bud production, encouraging healthy flower development and resin production.

HID Cons: HID is pricey and generates significant heat requiring good ventilation to keep your plants from overheating. They also use more energy than LEDs and HID bulbs need periodic replacements, and the fixtures themselves can be bulky and heavy.

2. Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Grow Lights

These newcomers are rapidly changing the game with their innovative technology. Are LED lights better for cannabis? 

Yes, LED lights are a better option for greenhouse cannabis growers as they offer several advantages for the canna-conscious cultivator, they are energy efficient, have a long lifespan, some LED lights offer adjustable light spectrums, and emit minimal heat, so you don’t need extra ventilation.

LED Cons:  LEDs come with a higher upfront cost than HID lights. Not all LEDs are created equal; choosing high-quality fixtures is crucial to ensure optimal performance for your cannabis.

3. Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) Grow Lights

Consider CMH lights to upgrade to the classic MH bulbs. They offer great benefits like spectral balance to provide a broader light spectrum beneficial for the overall growth cycle. It is more efficient than MH and HPS bulbs and consumes less energy.

CMH Cons: While offering some advancements, CMH lights are more costly than HID systems. They also generate more heat than LEDs, requiring some degree of ventilation in your grow space.

4. Fluorescent Lights (CFLs and T5s)

These are the budget-friendly options and are best for small-scale cannabis growers. They come in two main types: Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and T5 fluorescents- these spiral-shaped lights are widely available.

They have low heat output to maintain the temperature, and you do not need intensive cooling gadgets. Buy cool white CFL at the vegetative stage and warm white for flowering. It will get you maximum yields. 

Fluorescent Limitations: Unfortunately, fluorescents have a lower light intensity than HID and LED options. It might not be sufficient for larger plants or if you’re aiming for maximum yields.

Also Read: How Long Does it Take to Grow Cannabis?

How do I choose the right grow light for an Indoor Cannabis setup?

Selecting the perfect grow light for your indoor cannabis shelter requires considering several factors to optimize plant growth and yield. Here’s how to choose what suits you the best:

• Budget: Grow lights range in price. High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lights are generally the most affordable but have higher energy costs. Light-emitting diode (LED) lights boast superior efficiency and spectrum control but have a high initial investment. Consider your budget and long-term goals.

• Grow Space Size: The size of your grow space estimates the light’s coverage area. Measure your space and choose a light that is evenly distributed across your cannabis canopy.

• Desired Yield: Higher light intensity generally translates to increased yields. However, prioritize quality over quantity. Aim for a light that offers an appropriate intensity range for each growth stage.

• Growth Stages: Will you use separate lights for vegetative and flowering stages (MH/HPS), or opt for a full-spectrum LED that is adjustable for each phase? Consider your preference and budget.

• Heat Management: HID lights generate significant heat. Ensure proper ventilation in your growing space. LEDs are cooler but keep ventilation.

• Maintenance: HID bulbs require periodic replacements. LEDs boast a longer lifespan, minimizing maintenance costs.

• Your Expertise: Are you a seasoned grower or just starting? LEDs offer user-friendly features like spectrum control and dimming, while HIDs might require more experience to optimize.

What are some tips for maximizing light efficiency in my Indoor Cannabis grow space?

Here are some tips to maximize light efficiency in your indoor cannabis grow space and get the most out of your lighting setup:

• Use Reflectors: Line your grow space with reflective material, like Mylar, to capture and redirect any stray light back towards the plants. It ensures they receive as much usable light as possible. Aim for smooth, curved surfaces to avoid hotspots.

• Position it: Strategically place grow lights to achieve even light distribution across your cannabis canopy. Refer to the light fixture’s recommendations for optimal hanging height based on the growth stage.

• Opt for ScrOG (Screen of Green): This technique involves a mesh screen to spread in the plant canopy horizontally, ensuring all bud sites receive sufficient light for even growth and maximum yield.

• Do Lollipopping: Remove the lower branches thatwon’t contribute significantly to bud production. It allows the plant to focus energy on developing the top colas that receive the most light.

• Maintain Cleanliness: Dust and grime build-up on reflectors and grow lights can significantly reduce light intensity. Regularly clean your grow space and lighting equipment to maintain optimal light transmission.

• Monitor temperature: Excessive heat may stress plants and reduce their light absorption efficiency. Ensure proper ventilation to maintain a comfortable temperature range for your cannabis strain.

• Choose the right light: HID lights offer proven effectiveness but are less efficient. LEDs provide superior efficiency and spectrum control but come with a higher upfront cost. Consider your budget and priorities.

Also Read: How Long Does it Take to Grow Cannabis?

FAQs:

1. Does cannabis need more light?

Cannabis blossoms with sufficient light but doesn’t necessarily need more light. The ideal light intensity depends on the growth stage, with the flowering stage requiring slightly more than the vegetative stage.

2. What happens if my cannabis plants don’t receive enough light?

Insufficient light can lead to stunted growth, weak stems, stretched internodes, pale leaves, and lower yields. Plants might also flower prematurely due to stress.

3. What are the consequences of excessive light for cannabis plants?

Too much light intensity, especially during the vegetative stage, can cause light stress. Symptoms include leaf curling, bleaching, and upward leaf cupping. In extreme cases, excessive heat from intense lights can also damage plants.

4. What is the importance of light intensity (PAR) for cannabis plants?

Light intensity, measured in PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation), directly affects photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into sugars for growth. Proper PAR levels ensure optimal plant development and bud production.

5. How do I manipulate light cycles to influence my cannabis harvest?

Cannabis is a short-day plant. By manipulating the light cycle (typically switching from 18/6 light/dark in veg to 12/12 in flower) growers can trigger bud production and influence harvest timing.

6. Which cannabis strains require no light cycle, and which strains require a light cycle?

Autoflowering cannabis strains have genetics that allows them to flower automatically after reaching a certain age, regardless of the light cycle. However, most cannabis strains are photoperiod plants and require a specific light cycle change to initiate flowering.

7. How do different cannabis strains react to light cycles?

Different strains may have slightly varying light cycle preferences. Sativa-dominant strains might tolerate slightly longer vegetative light cycles (e.g., 16/8) for more foliage growth before flowering. However, most strains respond well to the standard 18/6 vegetative and 12/12 flowering cycles.

8. How can proper lighting help prevent pests and diseases?

Healthy plants with proper light exposure are more resistant to pests and diseases. Adequate light allows for good airflow and discourages moisture build-up, which can attract mold and mildew.

9. How does outdoor cannabis cultivation differ in terms of lighting needs?

Outdoor cannabis relies on natural sunlight, so growers cannot directly control light intensity or spectrum. Location, season, and time of day affect light availability. Planting in areas with sufficient sunlight during peak growth periods is crucial.

10. What is advanced light techniques?

Advanced light techniques in cannabis cultivation go beyond the fundamentals of light spectrum, intensity, and photoperiod. These methods aim to further optimize plant growth, manipulate flowering cycles, or enhance yields.

Conclusion

Proper illumination is essential for cannabis plant development and increased output. By providing adequate lighting and keeping an eye on your plants, you can guarantee that your marijuana grows healthy and potent buds. 

You can expand lights as you see fit, as each light has its own set of benefits, but keep the distance between the light and the canopy. Additionally, retaining a light schedule and cleanliness in the grow tent is necessary for efficient cannabis growing.   

When can I harvest cannabis if I start growing it today? The curiosity is real! After the social acceptance of cannabis gardening, growers are super happy and are looking for ways to speed up the growing process.  The growth time of cannabis plants varies depending on factors such as strain, growing conditions, and desired yield.

There are many benefits of marijuana, but one cannot deny that it is a time-consuming and complex project that requires proper attention and an optimal environment to bloom. Overall, if you want to know how long it takes to grow cannabis? Then a short answer is:

• Autoflowering strains take up to 3 months
• Photoperiod strains take up to 4+ months

In short, an average indoor cannabis growth takes 2 to 4 months. It depends on strain type and factors, like whether you are growing weed indoors or outdoors or which system you opt for hydroponics, traditional soil, or aeroponics. For example- the Indica plant matures faster than sativa plants. Everything matters!

So, whether you are a seasoned grower or a novice, we are happy to help!

Stages of Growing Cannabis

Broadly, there are four main stages of cannabis growth- germination, seedling, vegetative, and flowering stage, if we dive deep, there are three more stages that need to be addressed, they are- pre-flowering, harvesting, and curing. 

Every stage has distinct features and requirements. Mostly, cannabis plants are photoperiodic and react on a day cycle. During summer, they stretch and produce flowers. If you are growing cannabis indoors, you need to mimic this environment with a balanced light cycle. 

However, autoflowering strains are different from this.

However, autoflowering strains are different from this.They have Ruderalis genetics and bloom automatically within six weeks, it is why we recommend this strain to beginners, as it can withstand harsh climatic conditions, so you don’t have to worry about its light cycle, etc.

Here are the phases of cannabis growth. If you have cloned plants, skip two steps and move to the vegetative stage.

1. Germination (1- 10 days)

It is the very first stage where the seed is sprouted, and a small taproot emerges. It usually takes 24-72 hours for germination to occur. Remember to pick mature seeds as they may not germinate properly. It should be hard and brown. Do not pick soft and white-green seeds for germination. 

To germinate, keep seeds in a wet and dark place. You can do the paper towel method or keep it in the cabinet. Expose seeds in light to boost growth, in a few hours, you will see a radicle (single root in soil). The young plant develops its first set of leaves, known as cotyledons, and delves rapidly.

2. Seedling (2-3 weeks)

It is the most fragile stage, the seedling requires 18 to 24 hours of sunlight, moist nutrient-rich soil, and proper humidity. During this stage, the plant should grow two to three sets of leaves ( not the single cotyledon). This stage lasts for about 2-3 weeks. Take proper care, as the plant may get damaged or killed.

3. Vegetative (4- 8 weeks)

It is the second longest and most vital phase in cannabis plant growth. Once the plant grows seven sets of leaves, it enters the vegetative stage. In this stage, the plant grows and develops more leaves and branches. 

During this phase, increase water supply, airflow, and nutrients for maturation. Similar to germination and seedlings, this time requires well-drained soil and proper light for photosynthesis. For indoor rooms, opt for an 18-hour daylight cycle and a 6-hour night period. The vegetative stage can last for several weeks, depending on the desired size of the plant. 

Indoor growers usually veg this stage for 3 -4 weeks. However, growers employing high-stress training techniques may take a long to achieve this stage as plants require recovery time.

Also Read: How to Water the Cannabis Plant?

4. Pre-flowering (7 – 14 days)

Cannabis is a photoperiodic plant, meaning its flowering cycle is influenced by light. As the days get shorter (typically in fall), the plant receives less light, which signals it’s time to reproduce. Indoor growers can control this switch by reducing the light cycle from 18/6 (18 hours light/6 hours dark) to 12/12 or even less.

Pre-flowering marks the transition from the vegetative stage (focusing on foliage growth) to the flowering stage (bud production). In this stage, tiny pre-flowers develop at the nodes (where stems meet branches). These pre-flowers will eventually turn into mature flowers, but at this stage, they’re too small to determine the plant’s sex.

How to tell if it’s male or female cannabis?

Look for the following:

• Female: Two pistils on the buds
• Male: Small green pollen sacs around the area of the node

5. Flowering (8-10 weeks)

This is the most crucial stage because the plant focuses its energy on producing buds, the flower clusters that contain the highest concentration of cannabinoids like THC and CBD. These cannabinoids produce the psychoactive and therapeutic effects. 

The flowering stage typically lasts 8-10 weeks, depending on the strain. Tiny pre-flowers from the pre-flowering stage mature into dense, frosty buds. These buds have trichomes, tiny hair-like glands that produce cannabinoids and THC.

Unlike the vegetative stage, which prioritizes leaf growth, the flowering stage requires less light. Typically, growers switch to a 12/12 hour light/dark cycle to mimic shorter days and stimulate flower production. The nutrient needs of the plant shift during flowering, so growers adjust their fertilizers to provide more phosphorus and potassium essential for bud development.

6. Harvesting

Once the buds have reached maturity, they are ready to be harvested. It involves cutting down the plant, trimming the buds, and drying and curing them to prepare for consumption. By hanging the plants for seven to fourteen days and drying them in 40 to 50% humidity, they can be stored for months in an airtight container without fungus or bacteria growing on them. 

Also Refer to: Harvesting and Processing of Cannabis Seeds

7. Curing

Freshly dried cannabis can have a harsh taste and smell due to the presence of chlorophyll. Curing allows chlorophyll to break down, resulting in a smoother, more pleasant smoking or vaping experience. The unique terpene profile of each strain, responsible for the distinct aromas and flavors, also fully develops during curing. Also, cured cannabis has a longer shelf life compared to uncured buds. 

**To be noted- Specific duration and requirements of each stage can vary depending on factors such as strain, growing conditions, and desired results.

What are some factors affecting the Growth Time of Cannabis?

Three main factors affect the cannabis growth timeline:

1. Strains (Genetics)

It is the most crucial thing to consider when choosing seed strains. Seed types significantly influence the growth time for cannabis, primarily due to how they initiate flowering. Here are the key differences:

• Photoperiod vs. Autoflower Flowering:

Photoperiod Strains: These strains are light-dependent. They require a specific light cycle change (typically from a vegetative cycle of 18/6 light/dark to a flowering cycle of 12/12) to initiate flower production. This dependence on light allows growers more control over the vegetative stage length, but it generally leads to a longer overall grow time. Photoperiod flowering times typically range from 6-10 weeks.

Autoflower Strains: These strains are genetically programmed to flower automatically after a set period (usually around 4-6 weeks) regardless of the light cycle. This makes them ideal for beginners or growers with limited control over light. The total grow time for autoflowers is generally faster, going from seed to harvest in as little as 8-10 weeks.

Here’s a table summarizing the key differences affecting growth time:

Feature	Photoperiod Strains	Autoflower Strains
Flowering Trigger	Light Cycle Change	Age (Typically 4-6 weeks)
Vegetative Stage Control	High (adjustable light cycle)	Limited
Overall Grow Time	Longer (6-10 weeks flowering)	Faster (8-10 weeks seed to harvest)

• Indica vs. Sativa: Indica-dominant strains generally flower faster (7-8 weeks), while Sativa-dominant strains tend to take longer (9-12 weeks or even longer). It is a general trend, and exceptions exist.

2. Plant Size

Need a bigger plant, wait for more time! However, this does not apply to autoflowering and fast version strains, but if it’s about photoperiod strains, the grower decides the length of the vegetative stage.

• Vegetative Stage Length: The duration of the vegetative stage significantly impacts the overall growth timeline. Growers can manipulate this stage by controlling light cycles (longer light periods for more vegetative growth) and allowing plants to grow bushier before inducing flowering. Bigger plants naturally take longer to flower completely.
• Training Techniques: Techniques like topping or using ScrOG (Screen of Green) can influence plant size and indirectly affect the growth timeline. These methods can promote bushier growth, potentially extending the vegetative stage.

3. Grow Setup

Plants develop quickly and healthily in a full-fledged grow arrangement.  

• Light Source: The intensity and spectrum of light can influence growth rate. Stronger lights typically promote faster growth, potentially leading to a shorter timeline.
• Environment: Factors like temperature, humidity, and ventilation can affect plant health and growth rate. Optimal conditions generally promote faster growth and potentially shorten the timeline.
• Growing Medium: The type of growing medium (soil, hydroponics, etc.) influences the growth rate to some extent. However, the impact on the timeline is usually less significant than other factors.

Does growing Indoors or Outdoors affect growth time?

Yes, growing setup matters. Indoors, outdoors, micro growing, light deprivation growing, hydroponics, aeroponics, and growing cannabis with plant growth regulators, every setup has a different average growth time that we will discuss below:

1. Indoor vs. Outdoor Growing:

• Indoor: Growers have much more control over the environment indoors, including light, temperature, and humidity. It allows for manipulation of the development cycle. With proper lighting adjustments, growers can induce flowering whenever desired, potentially leading to faster harvests than outdoors. Some strains can be flipped to flower as early as 3-4 weeks of vegetative growth indoors.
• Outdoor: Outdoor plants rely on natural sunlight for flowering, which is dictated by the seasons. It typically results in longer vegetative stages and just one or two harvests per year, depending on the climate.

Also Read: Where to grow Cannabis- Indoor or Outdoor?

2. Other Growing Setups and Techniques:

• Micro Growing: This involves cultivating cannabis in small spaces. While the plants themselves may mature faster due to limited space, the overall timeline might not differ significantly from traditional indoor setups if growers employ efficient lighting and techniques.

• Light Deprivation Growing (Outdoors): This technique involves manipulating light exposure outdoors to mimic shorter days and induce flowering earlier than the natural season allows. It can potentially shorten the grow time compared to a fully outdoor grow that relies solely on natural light cycles.

• Hydroponics and Aeroponics: These soilless growing methods can provide optimal nutrient and water delivery to plants, potentially leading to faster growth rates than traditional soil cultivation. It could translate to a slightly shorter overall growth timeline.

• Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs): These are substances that influence plant growth and development. Some PGRs might promote faster flowering or bushier growth, potentially affecting the growth timeline. 

However, it’s crucial to note that using PGRs on cannabis is a controversial practice, and their legality and safety for consumption can vary by region. Always check the regulations in your area before using PGRs or cultivating cannabis in any form. You may consider alternative methods for faster growth like optimizing light or using high-quality nutrients.

How to speed up the Process of Growing Cannabis?

There are many tips and tricks by which you can speed up the cannabis growth process and harvest it early. Here they are:

1. Selecting Strains with Short Flowering Times

This is a key factor. Opt for Indica-dominant or autoflowering strains that are known for faster flowering periods. Indica-dominant strains typically take 7-8 weeks to flower, while autoflowering strains can transition from seed to harvest in as little as 8-10 weeks. Research reputable seed banks and choose strains specifically bred for short flowering times.

2. Maintaining an Optimal Growing

Provide strong, consistent light during the vegetative stage to promote healthy growth. Aim for 18 hours of light per day during this phase. When switching to a flower, ensure a strict 12/12 light/dark cycle to trigger bud production.

Maintain a comfortable temperature range of 68-78°F (20-26°C) and a humidity level of 40-60% during the vegetative stage. Slightly lower the humidity (around 30-50%) during flowering to discourage mold growth. Proper ventilation is also essential. 

Feed your plants a balanced nutrient solution throughout the ripening cycle, adjusting the proportions based on the stage. Ensure proper drainage to avoid nutrient lockout.

3. Starting with Clones

Using clones derived from a mature plant can shave off weeks from your growth time compared to starting from seeds. Clones bypass the germination stage and already have a developed root system, allowing them to focus on foliage and flower production quickly.

Also Refer: Can You Clone Autoflower Cannabis Plants?

4. Utilizing Proper Pruning Methods

Pruning techniques like topping or low-stress training (LST) can encourage bushier growth and optimize light penetration to lower bud sites. It can potentially lead to increased bud production without significantly extending the vegetative stage. However, avoid over-pruning, which can stress the plant and hinder growth.

FAQS

1. How long does each stage typically last?

Germination takes 1-7 days, seedlings take 2-3 weeks, and vegetative stages last 2-8 weeks (or more). It is where the plant concentrates on leaf development. Flowering takes 6-10 weeks- depending on the strain, with pre-flowering lasting 1-2 weeks. Harvesting is the last step, which is not scheduled but is determined by trichome growth (cloudy for maximum potency) and grower desire.  

2. How does strain selection influence growth time?

Strain selection significantly impacts growth time, Autoflowering buds automatically after a set period (usually 8-10 weeks) regardless of the light cycle. It makes them the fastest option, going from seed to harvest in a short timeframe.

Conversely, Photoperiod Strains rely on changes in the light cycle to flower. Indica-dominant strains typically have shorter flowering times (7-8 weeks), while Sativa-dominant strains can take longer (9-12 weeks or even longer).

3. What are some common challenges that might extend grow time?

Some common challenges that might extend cannabis grow time are improper environment, nutrient deficiencies/toxicities, pest or disease issues, over/under-watering, and light issues. 

4. How can I ensure a successful and efficient growth cycle?

Start by researching and understanding your chosen strain’s specific needs and growth patterns. It will guide your approach to a successful and efficient growth cycle. 

Maintain an optimal growing environment, water regularly, and feed your plants regularly. Monitor your plants closely and prune them strategically.

5. How long does it take for a cannabis plant to start harvesting?

Harvesting typically occurs after the flowering stage, but the exact timing depends on the desired effect:

• For a more energetic effect: Harvest when trichomes are mostly cloudy.
• For a more potent and relaxing effect: Allow some trichomes to turn amber before harvest (more common with Indica strains).

Growing Cannabis: Be Patient!

The good thing that takes time so is cannabis harvesting. An autoflower may be ready to harvest in 10 weeks, while sativa dominant may take up to 20 weeks, but you will get a bountiful harvest finally that will be way more satisfying than you have ever thought. 

Maintain hygiene and keep the above factors in mind if you are growing cannabis for the first time. If you want everything quick, pick auto strains and fast version seeds, but always buy them from reputed sellers. 

Have questions? Talk to us!

That’s all! Happy cannabis growing! 

The potency of cannabis has increased ten to twenty times since 1960, which is interesting since there has been a debate about it lately. It is what the United States Federal Government is saying, and there is no question about it, as when we check for the potency of cannabis plants, it is clear that it is more potent. 

https://farmkingseeds.co/cannabis-legalization-in-canada-guide/There are, however, different types of cannabis that have more than 100 cannabinoids, such as Cannabis Sativa, Indica, and Ruderalis, and how THC is legal in every state. Congress bought an agriculture revolution in 2018 by passing the Farm Bill, which legalized hemp, but there were some limitations- THC content and CBD products were restricted. These regulations differ in countries and provinces, so potency testing and cannabinoid profiling are mandatory.

But if you want to judge the potency of your homegrown marijuana, you can do it as the THC, CBD, and CBN levels rise- some strains may offer a 30% THC value of higher up to 100%, and some may contain CBD 40% and THC less than 2%. Let us see the details.

How do you determine the Potency of Cannabis?

Before we begin, do you know what is the potency of cannabis? The potency of cannabis refers to the concentration of cannabinoids, particularly THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). THC is the main psychoactive compound that makes you high. It varies depending on factors, like environment, genetics, and growing techniques. However, accurate potency determination involves scientific analysis to measure both THC and THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid).

THCA is the substance molecule to THC- it converts to THC when exposed to heat, like during smoking or vaping. Since THCA isn’t psychoactive, the total THC potency considers both the active THC and the inactive THCA that can potentially become THC.

The conversion from THCA to THC is factored into the potency calculation using a specific conversion factor of 0.877. This conversion accounts for the weight of carbon dioxide (CO2) lost during the decarboxylation process (THCA converting to THC).

 This is the Equation to test THC level in the Cannabis Plants:

 Total % of THC= % THC + ( % THCA x 0.877).

Understanding Cannabinoids Types

Cannabis plants produce a complex array of chemical compounds, including over 100 identified cannabinoids. These cannabinoids interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system, producing various effects. Here are some of the major cannabinoids found in cannabis that are typically included in potency testing:

• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): The most well-known cannabinoid, THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis, such as intoxication and euphoria.
• Cannabidiol (CBD): Unlike THC, CBD is non-psychoactive and offers a variety of potential therapeutic benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction, and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Cannabigerol (CBG): The precursor molecule to other cannabinoids, CBG has shown promise in early research for its potential to treat glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease, and other conditions.
• Cannabichromene (CBC): CBC works synergistically with other cannabinoids, potentially influencing their effects. Research suggests it may have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Cannabinol (CBN): Formed from the degradation of THC, CBN has mild psychoactive effects and may induce sleep and relaxation.

There are many cannabinoids found in cannabis. As research continues, we may discover more about the potential benefits of these unique compounds. 

Why is it necessary to test the Potency of Cannabis?

Users growing cannabis for recreational purposes are super happy whenever introduced with new strains, but holistic users are always keen to know what they are going to ingest. Now, even recreational users are becoming aware of it and trying to know the concentration in the cannabis bud. Here are some reasons why cannabis potency testing is imperative:

• Consumer safety and informed use: If you know the exact amount of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive compound) and other cannabinoids (like CBD) allow consumers to adjust their dosage for a desired effect. It is essential for medical marijuana users who may be using cannabis to treat specific conditions. Inaccurate labeling can lead to unintended consequences, from stronger-than-expected psychoactive effects to under-dosing for medical purposes.
• Standardization and quality control: Potency testing helps ensure a consistent product from batch to batch. It is significant for both producers and consumers. Producers can ensure their crops meet quality standards, and consumers can be confident about the desired product.
• Public health: Testing can help identify contaminants or harmful substances that may be present in cannabis products. It can help protect public health and prevent illness. It is why the FDA approves hemp grown and sourced from the USA and nearby regions.
• Fair pricing: THC content is a key factor in determining the price of cannabis. Accurate potency testing ensures that consumers are paying a fair price for the product they are getting. 
• To maximize THC levels: THC testing by growers is mainly done for testing THC quantity and introducing new growing methods to maximize the potency of the yields. 

The Lows of Cannabis Potency Testing

As per the National Library of Medicine, cannabis potency testing offers valuable information, but it’s not without its limitations, like: 

• Most home testing kits are unreliable, offering only a rough estimate of THC content at best. 
• Testing often emphasizes THC levels, neglecting the potential therapeutic benefits of other cannabinoids and terpenes present in cannabis. 
• For both producers and consumers, lab testing can be expensive, potentially impacting product affordability.

What type of Marijuana you can test?

There isn’t a specific type of marijuana/ hemp/ weed you can test for necessarily. Tests help you analyze the cannabinoid content, like THC and CBD, which can be present in various marijuana strains.

There are many strains, each with a unique chemical makeup. The test detects cannabinoids, the chemical compounds within marijuana that produce its effects. THC and CBD are the two most commonly tested cannabinoids.

So, regardless of the cannabis strain, a test can determine the levels of THC, CBD, CBN, and potentially other cannabinoids present.

What is the science behind the CBD potency test?

Cannabis potency testing relies on special techniques to identify and quantify the levels of cannabinoids, like THC and CBD, present in the plant material or product. Here’s a breakdown:

The Science of Cannabinoids

• Cannabinoids and their detection: Cannabis plants contain a variety of cannabinoids, with THC being the most well-known for its psychoactive effects. CBD, on the other hand, has gained popularity for its potential therapeutic benefits. Potency testing focuses on measuring the concentration of these specific cannabinoids.
• Separation and identification: Analytical instruments like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) play a crucial role. These techniques separate the various compounds in the cannabis sample. Each cannabinoid has unique chemical properties that allow the instrument to identify and measure its amount. 

Here is a brief method to test THC concentration in the cannabis plant

1. Sample Preparation and Extraction

A small, representative sample of the cannabis plant material or product is finely ground. Solvents like ethanol or butane are used to extract the cannabinoids from the plant matter.

2. Chromatography

The chosen technique (HPLC or GC) separates the extracted cannabinoids based on their specific characteristics. 

3. HPLC

HPLC is a trusted method to know the potency of cannabis. An approved method by the United Nations Office on Drugs. It involves moving the sample through a column packed with a specific stationary phase using a liquid solvent. 

Cannabinoids interact differently with this phase, causing them to separate and emerge at distinct times. It helps differentiate between CBD and its acidic precursor CBDA by providing a more broad picture. Additionally, HPLC often doesn’t require heating the sample, preserving the natural cannabinoid profile.

Once sample is ready, HPLC detectors use ultraviolet (UV) light absorption or mass spectrometry (MS) to identify and measure cannabinoids.

4. GC

In this method sample is heated to vaporize the cannabinoids. These vapors travel through a column containing an inert material. Similar to HPLC, each cannabinoid interacts slightly differently with the column, leading to separation.

Faster and potentially less expensive than HPLC. However, it may not distinguish between CBD and CBDA, and heating the sample during analysis can alter the cannabinoid profile.

Once separated, GC detector identifies and quantifies the amount of each cannabinoid present by employing various methods like flame ionization detection (FID).

Home testing kits: How to test THC potency in cannabis at home?

Home testing kits are a great alternative for home growers. However, they aren’t as accurate as lab tests but at least they give you an outline of what is present in your cannabis. There’s a growing market for home THC testing kits in Canada, so it’s important to understand their limitations before you invest. Here they are:

1. Color Chart Testing Kits

These kits often involve dipping a swab or dissolving a small amount of cannabis in a solvent, and then comparing the resulting color to a chart. Just take a sample and place it in the container with test fluid. Shake and wait for a few minutes. Compare it with the potency chart provided with the kit. They are generally inaccurate and only indicate THC presence above a certain level, usually up to 20% THC.

They are more of a yes/no indicator than a precise measurement. Be ready to spend at least 30 $. 

2. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Test Kits

TLC is a more scientific approach and will cost you about 150 $ for 25- 30 sample detection but requires following specific instructions and interpreting the results based on band patterns. Take 0.1 gram of flower into a pipette filled with test fluid. Next, a spray plate to reveal the results. 

These kits can be complex to use for beginners and require some understanding of chemistry. Accuracy can be subjective depending on user interpretation.

3. Testing Gadgets

Some companies market electronic devices that claim to measure THC content. These devices are hassle-free but dig holes in your pocket as they will charge you approx 800$. So, it is the best investment for breeders, growers, and those who are regular cultivators of cannabis. These gadgets link with Bluetooth and you have to select the strain type after placing the sample flower on the device. Wait for 5 minutes and the device will tell you the reading of THC, CBD CBN, etc.

These gadgets are generally unreliable and lack scientific backing for their accuracy. Avoid relying on them for any meaningful results.

4. THC Lab Test

This is the most accurate method involving sending a cannabis sample to a licensed laboratory for analysis. Lab tests are the most expensive option and may not be available in all locations. Not only do you get terpene profiles, but these test also tells you about heavy metals or contaminants present in the sample.

Here’s a quick comparison table:

Feature	Color Chart	TLC	Gadgets	Lab Test
Accuracy	Low	Medium	Low	High
Ease of Use	Easy	Moderate	Easy	Not Applicable
Cost	Low	Moderate	High	High
Availability	May be limited	Moderate	Limited	Varies

What are the factors to consider while cannabis potency testing?

When it comes to cannabis potency testing, several crucial factors can significantly impact the accuracy of the results. They are:

• Storage Temperature: Cannabis is sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Improper storage can degrade cannabinoids (like THC and CBD), leading to inaccurate potency readings. Ideally, cannabis samples should be stored in a cool, dark place with temperatures between 4°C (39°F) and 15°C (59°F). Freezing is also helpful for long-term storage.
• Homogenization: Cannabis flower or product can have variations in cannabinoid concentration throughout the sample. Homogenization ensures a representative portion is analyzed. Grinding or milling the cannabis into a fine powder creates a more uniform sample for testing.
• Extraction: Cannabinoids need to be separated from the plant material for accurate measurement. The extraction method significantly impacts the final results.

Solvent-based extraction (using solvents like ethanol or butane) is a common method. Alternative methods include supercritical fluid extraction (CO2) and ultrasonic extraction.

How can I Increase the Potency of the Cannabis Plant?

Cannabis is used for both medical and recreational purposes. It is why strains mention THC and CBD content on the product as many users want minimal THC product. But the truth is about 90% of consumers’ most demanded cannabinoids are THC. There are so many cannabis strains like OG Kush, Gorilla Glue, White Widow, Purple Kush, etc are few strains that have high THC, either you can buy them or increase the potency of cannabis with a few aspects:

Like picking strains with 30% or more THC, and checking overall plant health by monitoring humidity, temperature, type of light, nutrition, pH balance, and water balance. These are to be observed until the plant matures but your work hasn’t yet finished! 

Always pick mature flowers when the trichomes have achieved the right color and aroma. It’s time to harvest because it has peak THC levels at this time. Once done, store it in a dry, cool, and air-tight container. Now you know what to do!

How To Test the THC and CBD Content of Your Cannabis: Is it Worth Testing?

Generally, growers want to know what’s the potency of cannabis and if is it fairly priced, but medical users are keen on specific cannabinoid levels for desired effects. 

Testing the THC and CBD content of cannabis isn’t possible for most people at home. Accurate testing requires sophisticated equipment and techniques used in laboratories. So, it is always better to rely on certified labs or products acquired from reliable websites that provide lab testing certificates on their websites.

It is why you will notice that genuine sellers describe the potency of THC and CBD of each strain so that consumers have no doubts about purchasing and growing. 

In Conclusion

Cannabis potency testing is a valuable tool, but it’s just one piece of the puzzle. For a well-rounded understanding, consider factors like strain reputation, terpene profiles, and individual experience alongside test results. If you prioritize precise THC levels, a certified lab test is the most reliable option. However, for casual users, information from reputable dispensaries or strain research can be sufficient.

Watering plants! What’s the rocket science behind it? I can do it anytime! Not as easy as you think! There is a science and technique behind watering cannabis than simply adding water to your plants. If you wish for a bountiful weed harvest every year, you want to find a sweet spot between watering cannabis plants. 

Over-watering may lead to nutrients washed away and root rot, while under-watering will not let plants absorb minerals- both will cause sickened plants. To prevent this, we will explain how to water cannabis plants and how much.

My Cannabis Plants need a lot of water. How much should I give them?

Cannabis has high water requirements like wheat, soy, etc. They need watering regularly, as it may wilt and die. It may not seem like the plant consists of 80% and above water required for photosynthesis. 

Based on research conducted by the Emerald Growers Association and Mendocino Cannabis Policy, cannabis plants require approximately 6 gallons of water per day during the growing season (June to October). Indoors, it requires approximately 3 gallons of water per day per plant. You should wait until the soil completely dries before watering again.

It is a general rule to follow for the farmers and growers, but you need to look for the dehydration signs your plant gives you, like light wilting, weak branches, pale leaves, dry stems, etc., and set a watering schedule. 

It is simple- Experience comes with time. So, you need to record the data and water schedule based on variables, climate, temperature, humidity, and other events to know what works best for you.

Also Read: What is the Best Soil for Growing Cannabis?

How often should I water my Cannabis Plants?

If you are growing cannabis indoors in containers, you might likely water it every 2-3 days. Outdoors or plants grown in soil require watering once a day or twice, depending on the weather conditions. To know this, take a finger test. Touch soil with a finger, if damp, wait for a day. As plants grow, you will know, how often you require watering your cannabis plants. Generally, in containers the soil is wet for 2 days or more. 

Remember, the watering frequency depends on various variables like climate and surroundings, whether you are growing indoors or outdoors, and size and growth stages, including environmental factors like humidity, light, temperature, etc. Let us discuss them:

1. Growth Stages

Do flowering plants have different watering requirements than vegetative plants? Yes, cannabis plants have different water requirements in each phase till maturity. When it’s seedlings, the roots are delicate and require water lightly and frequently (every 2-3 days), keeping the soil moist but not soggy. When it reaches the vegetative stage- the plant grows rapidly and requires high water. 

Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil dries out (every 3-5 days). The flowering stage demands less water as bud development takes priority. Water it when the top 1-2 inches of soil dry (every 4-7 days). 

As the plant grows, you require more and more water, but whatever the growing phase is, remember to wait till the soil dries out before repeating the procedure. 

2. Growing Medium

Cannabis thrives with the right balance of moisture and aeration at its roots. The type of growing medium you choose plays a pivotal role in this, as each has different water storage and drainage properties. Cannabis love rich and airy soils with good drainage systems. That is why containers must have drainage holes for the water to escape as water clogging may lead to rot and moldy roots. The more compact the soil is, the more moisture it will retain. Here is the short view of growing mediums watering schedule:

• Soil: Holds moisture well, but drainage is crucial. Water thoroughly until runoff appears, then wait for the top inch to dry.
• Coco Coir: Dries out faster than soil. Water more frequently (every 1-3 days) with smaller amounts to avoid oversaturation.
• Hydroponics: No soil is involved in hydroponics, so water needs are based on the plant’s size and transpiration rate. Frequent adjustments are typical.
• Perlite or Clay Pebbles: Perlite allows the water retention capacity of the cannabis, reducing the watering schedule. Adding clay pellets as a top layer helps in reducing water evaporation in soil.
• Rock wool: Rock wool is a great alternative to soil when growing weeds indoors. The material has excellent water-holding capacity and good drainage, causing less watering.

You can check water drainage by answering a question- Does your plant take a few minutes to drain water or 3-4 days to dry your soil? The longer it takes, the more likely there is a drainage issue causing stunted growth and other underlying problems. For improving drainage, use perlite to improve the drainage system of your pot.

3. Container Size

The dimensions of the container play a vital role in water and nutrient absorption in marijuana. If you have a small plant and a big-sized container, nutrients will not reach the plants, and vice versa, leading to plant suffocation. 

As larger pots hold more moisture, water frequency decreases with pot size. A seedling in a large pot might only need water every week, while a mature plant in a small pot might need it every other day.

Related: Choosing the Right Container for Growing Cannabis: Maximizing Quality and Yield

4. Temperature, Humidity, and Light Intensity

The amount of water your cannabis plant needs depends on temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Watering is more demand during hotter weather and intense light. Conversely, cooler temperatures and lower light mean less water usage- so you can ease up on watering.

How much does humidity impact watering needs? Humidity plays a vital role in water conditions. Despite the difficulty of understanding the correlation, high humidity slows evaporation, so your plant won’t need to be watered as often. Conversely, low humidity means faster evaporation and a thirstier plant. So, when the humidity is low in your region, water plants twice a day.

5. Cannabis Plant Health

Does the watering technique affect the potency of cannabis? Optimal watering practices contribute to overall plant health, which indirectly affects potency. Stressed or unhealthy plants due to underwatering or overwatering, will have lower potency. However, specific watering techniques like bottom watering likely have minimal direct impact on cannabinoid production.

Also, A stressed or unhealthy plant may show signs of underwatering (wilting, drooping) even if the soil is moist. Address the underlying cause and adjust watering as needed.

6. End Use

THC production tends to be higher with slightly drier conditions during flowering. Also, cannabis strains CBD are water intensive. However, don’t prioritize bud potency over plant health. A healthy plant will produce a good yield. 

7. Indoor vs. Outdoor Crops

When growing marijuana indoors, environments are more controlled. You can tailor light, temperature, and humidity to optimize water usage. Outdoor plants are exposed to elements, like wind, humidity, and rain affecting water needs. Monitor your plants closely and adjust watering based on weather conditions.

Watering frequency depends on the germination and growth stages. Also, overwatering is a common issue in this regard. If the environment is not too humid or dry, avoid frequent watering to avoid rotting. Also, during the germination stage, it may lead to late or no sprouting.

Also Refer to: Where to grow Cannabis- Indoor or Outdoor?

What are the signs of overwatering and underwatering Cannabis Plants?

Overwatering and underwatering cannabis plants pose similar signs, making it crucial to understand. Here is how to know the problem:

Overwatering initial signs might be wilting or drooping, but the leaves may also feel heavy and discolored. They might turn yellow or brown, starting from the lower leaves and progressing upwards, and have stunted growth and a weak appearance. The stem might feel mushy, and the soil will likely feel damp and soggy. You might even notice fungus gnats hovering around the pot. You can solve this issue by absorbing excess water with a paper towel, maintaining drainage holes clear, and waiting until the soil dries.

In Underwatering leaves start wilting and drooping, but feel dry, crisp, and brittle instead of heavy. They might also curl at the edges. Discoloration, if present, will usually start from the tips and edges of leaves, progressing inwards. Also, the plant will appear dry and lifeless, soil will feel dry and crumbly with slowed or stunted growth. Lower leaves might be the first to yellow and fall off.

Remember, underwatering can sometimes lead to wilting that initially mimics overwatering. In this case, the soil dryness and the overall condition of the plant will help you differentiate. If unsure, it’s always better to err on the side of underwatering and wait a bit before watering again. 

Also Read: How to Fix Cannabis Curled Leaves?

What is the best time to Water Cannabis? 

The best time to water cannabis is in the early morning before sunrise (5 AM to 6 AM) or in the evening after sunset ( 6 PM – 7 PM). Evaporation increases on hot days, and watering in the afternoon increases perspiration as water droplets magnify sunlight, causing tissue damage.

A drip irrigation system might help eradicate the manual watering process. Adjust water frequency and flow rate as per weather conditions. It is even better for large-scale outdoor weed cultivation.

What are the signs that tell your Cannabis is thirsty?

There are many signs your cannabis plants give you if it is thirsty, like:

• Visual signs: Look at the leaves! Are they wilting, drooping, or curling? It’s time to water. In the early stages, leaves might become slightly limp and lose their vibrant green color. Also, the plant might start looking dry and lifeless. It may become stunted and fail to produce new growth.
• Check the Soil: Stick your finger an inch deep into the soil and see if it’s dry. Don’t overwater, wait for a day or two and try again. By this, you will know how much and what frequency your cannabis plant requires.
• The Weighing Pots Method: Experienced growers can opt for this method.  If you’re comfortable handling your plants, lift the pot. A significantly lighter pot than when it was well-watered suggests the plant has absorbed most moisture.

If you are unsure about all the methods. Simply, get a moisture meter that will tell you the exact moisture levels so that you can adjust accordingly.

What’s the best way to Water Cannabis?

There is no single best way to water cannabis, as the ideal method depends on your setup and preferences. Here’s a breakdown of popular watering methods to help you choose:

1. Hand Watering: The most traditional and easy method is to directly water the soil with a watering can or hose until runoff appears. It allows for easy water flow and targeting specific areas but can be time-consuming for larger grows.
2. Bottom Watering: It is an ideal way of preventing overwatering where you water in the roots. For this, place the pot in a tray filled with water and allow the plant to absorb water from the bottom through capillary action. It is perfect for pots with proper drainage. It also helps in reducing the risk of fungal infections.
3. Spraying: Often used for seedlings and clones with delicate root systems, it is the best method during germination. A gentle mist helps maintain moisture without saturating the soil but is not suitable for mature plants, as it doesn’t reach deep roots. 
4. Wick System: It is a method where a wick (rope or fabric) continuously supplies water from a reservoir to the bottom of the pot. It is simple to set up and is best for small-scale projects, but monitor it.
5. Drip Irrigation System: Provides a steady flow of water directly to the root zone through emitters. Highly efficient and ideal for large grows, but requires initial investment in equipment. It is the best way for outdoor methods to save water.
6. Ebb and Flow (Flood and Drain): This cyclic system floods the growing tray with water, saturates the pots, and drains the excess. It provides excellent control over moisture levels but involves more complex equipment. It helps nutrient absorption and air circulation through roots, resulting in better yields.
7. Soaker Hoses: Slow-leaking hoses are porous hoses placed on the soil surface, releasing water gradually. Effective for outdoor grows in long rows, it prevents water wastage and excellent hydration but requires good soil drainage. It may not be suitable for container plants.

Also Read: Germination Guide

What type of water should I use for Watering Cannabis Plants?

What do you think about this? The right kind of water should be pesticide-free, proportional pH, have fewer minerals, etc. Let us see what should be the ideal water characteristics for cannabis plants:

• pH Balanced: Cannabis needs a slightly acidic environment with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 to bloom. Ideally, aim for a pH of 6.5 in the soil. Water outside this range can make it difficult for plants to absorb nutrients, hindering growth.
• Contaminant-Free: Avoid using water with high levels of chlorine, chloramine, fluoride, or heavy metals. These can harm your plants or alter the pH.
• Low Mineral Content: Very hard water with high mineral content can build up in the soil over time, affecting nutrient uptake. Consider using rainwater, filtered water, or tap water that has been allowed to sit for 24 hours to allow some chlorine and other gasses to dissipate.

Some options for watering your cannabis plants can be regular tap water, rainwater, distilled water, or RO water, but should be at room temperature, and you need to be consistent with your watering routine. 

But people are confused- Can I use rainwater or recycled water for watering cannabis plants? Yes, rainwater is a great option if it’s clean and free of pollutants. Rainwater can be slightly acidic, so you might need to adjust the pH bit upwards. But remember to use recycled water that is greywater from showers or sinks and free of harsh chemicals or soaps. Test the pH and mineral content before using.

FAQs:

1. Should I water the leaves of my Cannabis Plants?

Avoid directly watering the leaves of your cannabis plants. While misting can be helpful for seedlings and clones to maintain humidity, it’s not necessary for mature plants and can promote fungal diseases. It is good to focus on watering the soil as roots will absorb and do the job.

2. How can I improve the drainage of my Cannabis Plants?

To improve drainage, use pots with adequate drainage holes. For soil growth, choose a well-draining potting mix with perlite or coco coir added for better drainage and aeration. You can also use clay pots as they are more breathable than plastic containers and help with drainage, but they also dry out faster, so adjust watering accordingly.

3. My leaves are drooping but the soil feels moist, what could be wrong?

There are a few possibilities that are leading your cannabis leaves to droop, like nutrient deficiency, root rot, or temperature stress. You need to monitor plants to know the problem behind plant weakness.

4. How much water do seedlings need compared to mature plants?

Seedlings and clones have delicate root systems and require frequent light watering to keep the soil moist, not soggy. Water every 2-3 days, adjusting based on the environment. 

Mature plants with established root systems require more thorough watering, allowing the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings every 3-7 days, depending on factors like pot size and environment.

5. Are there any strains of cannabis strains that are more drought-resistant?

Yes, some cannabis strains are known for being more drought-resistant. These are often Indica-dominant strains that have evolved to succeed in harsher climates with less water. Examples include Afghan Kush, Durban Poison, and Purple Kush.

Conclusion

The most common query we get from cannabis growers is how to grow healthy cannabis by optimal watering. The answer lies in the variants mentioned above. 

Water your cannabis plants- not too much, not too little, and not too often. If you understand the physics behind it, even if you are a beginner, you will not be less than a pro grower. 

Remember to purchase high-quality seeds from a reputed seller and monitor your plants. We are sure you will raise a healthy plant with an abundant harvest!

One of the most important decisions a home gardener or a Pro grower makes is to get the best growing medium for healthy cannabis and better yields. Well, growers are fortunate as there are many growing mediums to choose from in cannabis cultivation. The best soil for growing cannabis should have good water retention and yet drain easily, preventing root rot.

Either you grow plants in soil or can opt for soil-less options like hydroponics, aeroponics, or coco coir. Whatever option you pick, remember every medium has its pros and cons. But the best way cannabis growers prefer is plain soil. We are discussing soil today because not all soil is great. Let us learn which is the best soil for growing cannabis and how you can make weed-friendly soil.

Why does Soil Quality matter?

When we talk about the Cannabis Sativa L. family, certainly, many climates do not suit this plant, especially tropical and cold harsh regions. When selecting the best soil for growing cannabis, consider factors such as nutrient content, texture, and organic composition. Our meticulously chosen soil options provide the perfect combination of these elements, ensuring optimum conditions for your plants. Whether you’re a novice grower or an experienced cultivator, our range of premium soils will contribute to a successful and rewarding growing experience.

Using nutrient-rich and weed-friendly soil allows your weeds to withstand harsh conditions and produce better yields and buds. High-quality soil helps in optimum growth, root development, and nutrient uptake and benefits overall plant health.

Here is what happens if your soil is inept:

• Too thick soil chokes plants’ roots, resulting in slow and stunted growth.

• Too loose soil leads to water drainage issues before plants can absorb nutrients, causing under-watering symptoms and nutrient deficiencies in plants.

• The same problem arises when soil is too acidic or alkaline. Or under-fertilized or over-fertilized plants absorb inadequate nutrients.

To help plants, use a substrate with the correct pH and make necessary amendments like water, nutrients, and other requirements. It is good to start with a high-quality nourished medium. 

Also Read: How to Fix Cannabis Curled Leaves?

What Sort of Soil should I use to Grow Cannabis?

Before selecting the best soil for growing cannabis, note that every cannabis strain is different and requires different soil. Selecting the right soil depends on the climate, strain type, and where you are growing, i.e., at home or wild.

The best soil for growing cannabis is dark, nutrient-rich, has good texture and drains well without looking muddy. You can buy quality soils from reputed cannabis seeds suppliers who deal in soils or substrates especially made for cannabis seeds.

Also, Refer to Harvesting and Processing of Cannabis Seeds

Types of Natural Soils

Natural soils come in four categories:

1. Sandy soil

Sandy soil is gritty and coarse. It is light and easy to work with. It drains well but does not retain moisture, resulting in dry soil whose nutrients wash out quickly. It is why for cactus or succulents and not for weeds.

2. Clay soil

Clay soil is heavier and denser than sandy soil. It feels sticky and clumpy when wet making it tough to work with. However, it retains moisture but causes poor drainage. They are one of the most fertile soils.

3. Silt soil

Silty soil is smooth and floury with good water drainage and retention ability. It offers minerals and other nourishing substances to plants. The only drawback is they are denser which leads to compactness hindering airflow, water, and nutrients.

4. Loamy soil

Loamy soil is a mixture of all the above soils mentioned, i.e., silt, clay, and sandy. It is balanced soil that contains each soil in proportionate quantity, making it airy, easy to work, good drainage, and better water retention so that plants get enough minerals. 

What are the Important Soil traits to Consider while growing Cannabis Seeds?

Cannabis thrives in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a slightly acidic pH (between 6.0 and 7.0). Here are the common attributes of soil that you should consider:

• Texture: Cannabis flourishes in well-aerated soil with good drainage. It allows proper oxygen flow to the roots vital for healthy development. Sandy loam is a good example, offering balanced sand and finer particles (silt and clay). Avoid soils too sandy or clayey.

• Water Drainage: Excellent drainage is a necessity for the cannabis plant as it does not like wet roots. Cannabis plants are susceptible to root rot if waterlogged. The soil should allow excess water to drain freely while still retaining some moisture. Loamy soil with good-sized pores facilitates this balance.

• Water Retention: While drainage is crucial, cannabis also demands moisture retention. Loamy soil again comes in handy, holding onto enough water for the plant to access it between waterings.

• pH Value: Cannabis plants prefer slightly acidic soil pH between 6.0 and 6.5. This pH range allows the plant to absorb nutrients most effectively. If the soil is too acidic or alkaline, nutrient uptake hampers. Some growers may need to adjust their soil pH by adding amendments like lime (raises pH) or sulfur (lowers pH).

• Nutrients: Marijuana requires a good balance of nutrients for optimal growth and bud production. A quality potting mix should contain a base level of nutrients, but many growers supplement with additional fertilizers during different growth stages (vegetative and flowering). Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N-P-K) are the primary nutrients, but other micronutrients are also important. Purchase or create a nutrient-rich soil with the right amount of NPK for healthy cannabis growth.

Related: Nitrogen: The Silent Hero For Healthy Cannabis Plants

How to Improve Soil Quality for Growing Cannabis?

If you are an outdoor cannabis grower, then it is obvious that you cannot change the soil, but there are a few ways to improve the natural soil quality. For example, if you have drainage issues or pH imbalances, you can mix substrates available in online or offline shops. Here are the things to add to the soil to make it more fertile:

1. Coco Coir

Made from the husks of coconuts coco coir provides excellent drainage and aeration due to its large pores. It also holds a good amount of moisture and is naturally resistant to pathogens. However, coco coir has a low nutrient content and a slightly higher pH (around 6.0-6.8), so may require additional nutrients and potential pH adjustments. Add coco coir up to 30% in the existing soil with necessary soil amendments.

2. Perlite

This volcanic rock is heat-treated to create lightweight, white-bright sterile particles. Perlite improves drainage and aeration significantly. It’s a great choice for loosening up dense soil mixes as it has great water retention capacity. Use 10- 15% perlite with existing soil to improve the soil’s airiness. You can also get market perlite premixes too. However, similar to coco coir, perlite offers minimal nutrients. 

3. Vermiculite

Similar to perlite, vermiculite is a micaceous mineral heated to create a lightweight, exfoliated material. Vermiculite offers good water retention while also holding onto moisture and nutrients. It’s a good choice for improving drainage and water retention in a soil mix. You can use perlite and vermiculite together, but the quantity of vermiculite should not exceed 10%. 

4. Clay Pebbles

Growers prefer baked clay balls primarily in hydroponic systems, but clay pebbles can also be used as an amendment. Adding them in the bottom of the containers provides excellent drainage and aeration and can be reused in future grows. You can also add clay pebbles at the top as mulch to trap the moisture, reduce excess evaporation, and keep the microbes at bay. However, like the others, they offer minimal nutrients.

5. Worm Castings

Rich in organic matter, micronutrients, and beneficial microbes, worm castings are a fantastic amendment to boost soil fertility and improve overall plant health. They contribute to good drainage and aeration while also enhancing water retention. Amending 30% is enough for your soil.

6. Nutrients

Various types of nutrients are available for cannabis cultivation, including organic and synthetic options. A good quality potting mix should provide a base level of nutrients, but most growers need to supplement with additional fertilizers throughout the grow cycle. These fertilizers typically come in a three-part formula focusing on Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) are essential for plant growth and bud development. Micronutrients are also important and may be included in some fertilizers or added separately.

Chemicals or nutrients- what shall I add to the soil? It is safer to focus on nutrients than chemicals. However, always start with quality potting mix and improve it by ensuring proper drainage, nutrient content, and micro-nutrients.

Choosing the right amendments depends on your existing soil and the specific needs of your cannabis strain. It’s important to find a balance between drainage, aeration, water retention, and nutrient availability. Many growers experiment with different combinations of amendments to create an optimal soil mix for their cannabis plants.

Soil for Photoperiod and Autoflowering Cannabis Strains

One factor that you need to consider is which cannabis strain you are growing- autoflowering or photoperiod. For autoflowering cannabis plants, use a lighter substrate with few nutrients. For that, mix an equal quantity of coco coir and light soil with perlite for drainage. Do not use heavy soils like Silty soil or heavy fertilizers like bat guano. It will overload your plants and will not be helpful. Plant the final auto-flowering seedling in a container with a big hole at the center of the pot to breathe. 

Plants with a photoperiod should be grown in small pots with little nutrients, then replanted when matured with higher levels of nutrients.

Can we prepare the Soil at home, or need to purchase it from the store?

Why not make your cannabis soil instead of ready-made soil from a grow shop? You have to ensure that the best soil for growing cannabis contains all the nutrients in the right ratios helpful for plant growth and pick soil based on atmospheric conditions. To improve later, get some shop-bought soil and mix it with the homemade soil with some perlite to increase drainage.

Best soil recipe for growing cannabis at home:

If you are wondering how to make the best soil for growing cannabis at home, here is the basic one that is affordable and even better than many store-bought soils: 

Mix 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part coco coir, 2 part compost, and 1 cup worm castings or aged manure. Sift the compost and soak the coco coir in warm water. Take a container, add coco coir and vermiculite. Mix all in the compost, you are ready with the perfect soil mix. Ensure the pH (5.5 – 6.0) before planting the seed. 

This compost is great for outdoor or indoor growing. But if the soil is not that good, you can add organic fertilizers for further enhancement.

Related: Where to grow Cannabis- Indoor or Outdoor?

What is the Best pro-mix Soil for Cannabis?

There is no one best pro-mix soil when it comes to cannabis cultivation. It depends on the climate and surroundings of your little ones, but always consider a bulk substrate with 50% coco-peat and 50% vermiculite with additives like Dolomite lime, Gypsum pellets, etc., in minimal quantity to provide calcium and essential minerals to the plant. Always pick organic pro mixes for your soil, and if you want, make a DIY nutrient-rich soil for weeds.

How do you grow Cannabis Seeds using the direct soil method?

The direct soil method is popular among beginners growing cannabis seeds because it’s relatively simple. However, it’s important to note that this method carries slightly more risk than starting seeds in a separate germination medium like rock wool or a paper towel. Here’s a step-by-step guide for growing cannabis seeds using the direct soil method:

Materials Required: Cannabis seeds, potting mix, pots with drainage, water spray bottle, plastic wrap for a small greenhouse effect

How to do it?

Fill your pot with the potting mix, create a level surface, and moisten the soil. You want it damp but not soggy. Make a small hole (about ½ inch deep) in the center of the pot using your finger or dibber. Carefully place a single cannabis seed into the hole. Cover the seed with soil, gently pressing it down. Lightly mist the soil surface again to settle the soil around the seed. Avoid overwatering.

Place a clear plastic dome or wrap it over the pot to create a humid environment. Ensure there’s some ventilation by poking a few small holes in the top. Put the pot in a warm location (ideally 70-80°F) with indirect sunlight. Avoid direct sunlight at this stage, which can dry the soil too quickly. You can gently lift the dome/wrap periodically to allow for some fresh air exchange and prevent mold growth. Be patient! Germination can take 3-10 days, depending on the strain and temperature.

Look for a sprout to emerge. Once the seedling has sprouted and developed its first set of true leaves, remove the dome or plastic wrap to allow for proper airflow. Gradually introduce the seedling to more intense light. You can use a grow light or a sunny windowsill (indirect sunlight initially). Continue watering, allowing the top inch of soil to dry slightly between waterings. You can also start introducing a low-dose nutrient solution as the plant matures.

While the direct soil method can be successful, be aware that there’s a slight chance the seed may not germinate, or the young seedling could be susceptible to damping-off disease in overly moist conditions. If you’re a novice, consider starting with the paper towel or rock wool germination method, which might offer a slightly higher success rate.

Also Read: Why My Cannabis Seedlings Are Growing Slowly?

FAQs

1. What is the best soil for growing Cannabis cuttings?

There isn’t a single best soil for growing cannabis cuttings, but some options work well, like soil-less media with Rockwool cubes or rapid rooters, Well-draining potting mix, and Coco coir.

2. What soil nutrient levels are for cannabis?

Cannabis nutrient needs vary depending on the growing stage (vegetative vs flowering) and the specific strain. However, a general guideline includes the optimal combination of macronutrients and micronutrients. Some growers prefer premixed potting soil and nutrient supplements to enhance soil quality. The best soil for growing cannabis is crucial in ensuring the thriving success of your plants.

3. How to identify quality soil?

Signs of the best soil for growing cannabis include:

• Texture: Light and crumbly, with a good balance of sand, silt, and clay particles.

• Drainage: Drains well when watered, but doesn’t become bone dry too quickly.

• Color: Darker color often indicates richer organic matter content.

• Odor: Fresh, earthy smell. Avoid musty or chemical odors.

• Source: Reputable cannabis garden store or supplier. Look for brands formulated for cannabis cultivation.

Conclusion

Ensuring a good quality growing medium will provide a solid foundation for your cannabis plants and help in a better harvest. Whatever you choose, either premix soil or nutrient amendments, ensure the soil is pH balanced as it will give cannabis lightness and better absorption with balanced drainage and water retention. When it comes to cultivating cannabis, selecting the best soil for growing cannabis is paramount. A high-quality growing medium serves as the foundation for your plants, setting the stage for a bountiful harvest.

Introduction

What does it mean when cannabis leaves are curling? Your cannabis plant cannot scream for help, but it will give you signs that something is wrong with it. Every weed grower might have experienced these issues where the plant got distressed due to environmental or genetic stress. It may include yellowing of leaves, clawing or curling of leaves, or dry brittle leaves. Where curling or leaves is the most common issue among indoor cannabis growers. However, it is curable, but beginners don’t know what to do. Cannabis leaves curling can be caused by a range of issues, including nutrient deficiencies, overwatering, pests, or environmental stress, affecting plant health.

So, whether you are a novice or a pro-marijuana cultivator, we are here to give you all the reasons why your cannabis leaves are curling up or down and what to do to prevent this issue and correct it. Stay tuned!

Understanding Cannabis Leaves Curling

Before delving into solutions, it’s essential to understand why cannabis leaves curl and what it signifies. Cannabis leaves curling typically occurs as a defensive mechanism in response to environmental stressors such as under-watering, over-watering, nutrient deficiencies, heat stress, or pest infestation. Recognizing these stressors is crucial for effectively addressing cannabis leaves curling and restoring plant health. By identifying the underlying causes of cannabis leaves curling, growers can implement appropriate measures to mitigate stressors and promote optimal growth and development. Let’s explore the common stressors that lead to leaves curling and strategies to address them for healthier cannabis plants.

Here are some general guidelines regarding what issues your cannabis plant might have ( however, we will discuss the whole matter in the content)

• Leaf curling down, no yellow: under-watering
• Leaf curling down and yellowing: over-watering
• Leaf curling up: heat stress
• Leaf curling in a deformed way: pests or diseases
• Old leaves curling with patchy yellow veins: Magnesium deficiency
• New leaves curling with green veins and yellow patches: Manganese deficiency

Cannabis leaves curling signals underlying issues that require prompt attention to prevent further damage. Early detection is crucial as it indicates potential disruptions to photosynthesis, hindering plant growth and viability. Addressing leaf curling in its early stages can prevent deterioration and promote healthier plant development. To identify the contributing factors, it’s essential to assess various aspects of plant care. Let’s explore the key factors that may lead to cannabis leaves curling and strategies to address them effectively for optimal plant health and growth.

Also Read: Why My Cannabis Seedlings Are Growing Slowly?

Why are my Cannabis Leaves Curling upwards?

Upward leaf curls, known as canoeing or tacoing, occur when leaves point towards the light, resembling a taco or canoe shape. Environmental factors such as high temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, and improper watering can contribute to cannabis leaves curling. Understanding these causes is essential for diagnosing and addressing the issue effectively. To combat leaf curling, it’s crucial to first identify the underlying problem. Let’s delve into the common issues contributing to leaf curling and explore strategies to mitigate them for healthier cannabis plants.

1. Environmental Stresses and Leaf Curling

When you provide the right surroundings cannabis flourishes. Let us check what problem you are facing:

• Temperature Stress

The ideal temperature for cannabis bloom is around 68- 75 F. When this range exceeds, it starts stressing due to moisture loss and cellular damage causing curled leaves. So, to prevent this issue, keep the grow area 70-80 F during the day and 60 F at night. 

Install heaters in winter and air coolers or fans in summer according to the season. Additionally, maintain ventilation and adjust the water schedule as per weather conditions.

• Humidity Problems

Humidity plays a significant role in cannabis leaves curling, both high and low humidity cause issues. When the humidity is low, plants lose water quickly via transpiration, and leaves curl inwards to minimize water loss. Cannabis plants are sensitive and more likely to curl leaves when the air is dry. Use a humidifier to raise the humidity level in your grow tent between 40- 60% or group plants together to do the same.

It is less likely that high humidity will cause fungal diseases to affect marijuana, which can result in damaged, discolored, spots, and fuzzy growth. To combat this, use fans and maintain good air circulation. Also, ensure soil is not soggy and reduce watering.

• Light Stress

Anything under or over is bad for your cannabis harvest. The same applies to lights. As cannabis plants are generally grown indoors, light plays a vital role in photosynthesis for energy. Low light levels will not produce chlorophyll, and high light levels will cause yellowing of cannabis leaves and curling. 

Excessive light intensity can cause cannabis leaves to curl up at the edges, resembling a taco shape, and this phenomenon is known as “tacoing.” Along with leaf curling, growers may observe stunted growth and leaf bleaching, which can adversely affect plant health and productivity. To mitigate the effects of light stress, it’s essential to maintain an appropriate light cycle during different growth stages. For the vegetative stage, a light cycle of 18 hours on and 6 hours off is recommended, while during the flowering stage, transitioning to a 12-hour light cycle followed by 12 hours of darkness promotes optimal flowering and bud development.

Similarly, if you see cannabis leaves curling inwards in a claw shape, your plant is trying to absorb more light. Increase the light intensity or keep it close to the light. Always use LED or CFL designed especially for growing areas. Use a light meter to schedule lightning.

2. Nutrient Imbalances and Leaf Curling

Nutrient imbalances can lead to various issues in cannabis plants, each nutrient deficiency manifesting in distinct symptoms. Understanding these deficiencies is crucial for effective plant care and maximizing yields. Let’s delve deeper into the specific symptoms associated with common nutrient deficiencies to better address and rectify them for optimal plant health and growth.

• Nitrogen deficiency (N):

As per Wikipedia, Nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium (NPK), an essential macro-nutrients for healthy plant growth plays a vital role in protein synthesis and chlorophyll production. Nitrogen deficiency causes the leaf to curl upwards or downwards, coloration from green to yellow, and stunted growth. 

To combat this issue, increase nitrogen intake via nitrogen-rich fertilizers specially formulated for cannabis plants. You can also use organic manure like composted fertilizer or blood meal to ensure soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Do not overdo it, as it may lead to nutrient burn.

Related: Nitrogen: The Silent Hero For Healthy Cannabis Plants

• Potassium and Magnesium Deficiency (P, K):

Both Potassium and Magnesium deficiency cause leaf curling. Potassium deficiency causes the cannabis leaf edge to curl downwards or inwards like a claw, with bronzing leading to little growth and weak stems. 

Magnesium deficiency leads to upward leaf curling, known as cupping or clawing. Veins start to look yellow mottled pattern. Factors such as low-quality fertilizer or incorrect soil pH raise this problem. 

To help, adjust the pH level by sprinkling some Epsom salt for pH balancing. Do not overfeed your plants, and try the soil flush technique.

• Calcium, Sulfur, Iron, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, and Boron Deficiencies:

While Nitrogen, Potassium, and Magnesium are the major nutrients that cause curling in cannabis, deficiencies in micronutrients can also be culprits. Here is a quick view of some micronutrients and how their deficiency affects leaves, along with remedies:

• Calcium (Ca): Deficiency can cause stunted growth, weak stems, and upward curling of leaf tips. Provide cal/mag supplements or use dolomite lime during soil preparation.

• Sulfur (S): Deficiency is rare but can cause stunted growth, pale yellowing, and upward curling of young leaves. Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) can address both sulfur and magnesium needs.

• Iron (Fe): Deficiency shows as interveinal yellowing (green veins with yellowing between) and stunted growth. Iron chelates are available as supplements, but addressing pH issues is crucial for iron uptake.

• Manganese (Mn): Deficiency causes uneven yellowing on young leaves with brown spots. Use manganese chelates as supplements, but be mindful that manganese toxicity can occur.

• Copper (Cu): Deficiency is uncommon but can cause wilting, stunted growth, and downward curling of leaf tips. Use copper sulfate supplements sparingly, as excess copper is harmful.

• Zinc (Zn): Deficiency is rare but can cause stunted growth, leaves bronzing, and upward curling. Use zinc chelates, but be cautious.

• Boron (B): Deficiency can cause stunted growth, thickened and brittle leaves, and downward curling. Boron supplements are available. 

3. Pests – Viruses and Leaf Curling

Aphids, thrips, and spider mites are the most common pests causing leaf curling in your cannabis garden. Also, diseases like cucumber mosaic virus CMV and Hop Latent Virus (EMDV) cause molting and distorted leaves. 

For this, use neem oil spray, insecticidal soaps, or predators. Monitor plants regularly and maintain proper hygiene in the grow area.

Related: Identifying and Treating Common Cannabis Pests and Diseases

4. Improper Watering and Cannabis Leaves Curling

When it’s about watering cannabis plants, you have to be extra careful. If you are doing it wrong, the plant will signal you by curling the leaf. There are two reasons behind it:

• Under-watering

When cannabis plants do not get enough water, they stress and curl leaf tips inwards or downwards dry or brittle leaves to reduce water loss. If you suspect this, water your plants until it drains from drainage holes. Allow the soil to dry a bit before watering again.

• Over-watering:

It’s surprising, but over-watering also causes leaf curl. A plant receiving too much water deprives the roots of oxygen, resulting in drooping, yellowing, wilting, and less growth. The soil also releases a foul odor due to root rot. 

To combat this, cease watering and allow the soil to dry fully. Ensure sufficient drainage and use a well-aerating pot mix. If the root rot is severe, remove the plant and repot it in fresh soil.

Genetic and Cannabis Leaf Curling

Some cannabis strains are naturally more prone to curling leaves than others. It can be due to inherent traits in the plant’s genetic makeup. For example, Sativa-dominant strains with thinner leaves might be more susceptible to curling under specific environmental conditions than Indica-dominant strains with thicker leaves.

Also, the physical structure of the leaves may influence their tendency to curl. Strains with thinner, more delicate leaves might curl more readily than strains with broader, sturdier leaves in response to stress factors.

So, ensure ideal temperature, humidity, watering, and nutrients to minimize curling, even in genetically prone strains, and consider strains known for resilience and less prone to curling in future growth.

Why are My Leaf Tips Curling Down?

Downwards curled leaves signal several problems like root damage, incorrect humidity, or temperature. Here is how to know:

1. Improper Humidity

Low humidity leads to cannabis plants losing water more rapidly through transpiration. To compensate, the leaves curl downwards, reducing their surface area and minimizing water loss. It is a common cause of downward curling leading to dry, crispy, and slow growth.

2. Improper Temperature

When the temperature gets too hot, plants lose moisture with downward curling to conserve water. It might infest bleached or scorched leaves. 

3. Root Damage

Overwatering, underwatering, pests or disease infestation prevents plant water supply leading to downward curling. It causes leaves to turn yellow and show pest attack.

4. Wind Burn

The leaves of cannabis are sensitive to wind and excessive air movement causes a condition called wind burn. The plant does this to reduce the surface area exposed to the wind, minimizing the damaging effects of wind shear friction and excessive transpiration. 

Minimize airflow outdoors by sheltering plants and indoors by adjusting fan position. Provide extra support to the stem and maintain humidity levels.

Also Refer to: What Cannabis Seeds Look Like?

Diagnosing Cannabis Leaves Curling

Curling leaves in cannabis can be frustrating, but the good news is you can identify the cause and take corrective action. Here’s how:

Observation is Key: Pay close attention to the curling pattern. Is it curling upwards, downwards, inwards, or outwards? Look for discoloration alongside curling: yellowing, bronzing, or spotting.

Observe how the curling progresses. Does it affect new or old growth first? Are there other signs of stress, like stunted growth or wilting? It will help you to know what is your cannabis plant telling you.

Tools for Diagnosis

• Soil Testing: A soil test can reveal nutrient deficiencies or imbalances that might be causing the curling.

• pH Meter: Maintaining proper soil pH ( 6.0-7.0 for cannabis) is crucial for nutrient uptake. A pH meter helps ensure the correct range.

• Magnifying Glass: A magnifying glass can help you inspect the leaves for signs of pests or diseases causing the curling.

Diagnostic Techniques

Use online resources or books with pictures of cannabis leaf problems to compare symptoms and identify potential causes. Trust your observations and eliminate possibilities. For example, if the temperature and humidity seem optimal, those factors are less likely to be the culprit.

FAQS-

1. Do curled cannabis leaves go back to normal?

Cannabis leaves going back to normal depends on the severity and cause of the curl. In some cases, leaves might recover with early detection. For severe damage or genetic predisposition, curling might be permanent. New growth happens once the plant recovers.

2. How to fix the leaf curling up?

To fix cannabis curling up, first diagnose the issue. Upward curl often indicates nutrient deficiencies, light stress, heat stress, pests, etc., and take the necessary steps.

3. How to fix the leaf curling down?

To fix the downward curl, look for symptoms of under-watering, over-watering, cold stress, or nutrient deficiencies, and then take preventive measures.

4. What are the common signs of leaf curling?

Common signs of leaf curling are upward or downward curl, Inward or outward curling, Discoloration (yellowing, browning), Stunted growth, and Wilting.

5. How to prevent marijuana leaf curls?

To prevent marijuana leaf curls, always maintain proper temperature, humidity, and light and use a well-draining mix and balanced nutrients. Water according to plant needs, avoid overwatering, monitor for pests and diseases, and practice sanitation. The least is to choose resilient strains and reduce stress factors.

6. Is leaf curling a serious issue?

Leaf curl itself might not be fatal, but it indicates an underlying problem. If left unaddressed, it can hinder growth, reduce yields, and make plants more susceptible to other issues.

Conclusion

Keep an eye on your cannabis plants; they will alert you to any problems. Vigilance is the power of treating and recognizing the underlying cause of a plant’s problem, whether it’s temperature, watering, or anything else, and then, with appropriate information, supporting your plants is the only method to cure plant health and growth.

Most importantly, always use high-quality cannabis seeds from reputable suppliers, since you get what you sow!